1907年(英語中的法語詞彙從1903年開始),“工人惡意破壞或毀壞僱主財產”,源自法語 sabotage,源自 saboter “破壞,搞砸”,字面意思是“大聲走路”,源自 sabot “木鞋”(參見 sabaton)。
In English, "malicious mischief" would appear to be the nearest explicit definition of "sabotage," which is so much more expressive as to be likely of adoption into all languages spoken by nations suffering from this new force in industry and morals. Sabotage has a flavor which is unmistakable even to persons knowing little slang and no French .... [Century Magazine, November 1910]
在英語中,“惡意破壞”似乎是“破壞”的最近明確定義,這個詞太具表現力,以至於可能被所有遭受這種新工業和道德力量折磨的國家所採用。Sabotage 有一種味道,即使是不懂俚語和不懂法語的人也能明白.... [《世紀雜誌》1910年11月]
在法語中,最初在英語中,“故意惡意破壞財產”的意義是指勞資糾紛,但是經常重複的故事(與英語中的記錄一樣古老),即現代意義源於罷工者所謂的將鞋子扔進機器的策略,沒有得到詞源學的支持。可能它並不是一個字面意象; 這個詞在法語中被用於各種“搞砸”的意義,比如“演奏一首音樂曲目不好聽”。
這也是一些早期用法的解釋:
SABOTAGE [chapter heading] The title we have prefixed seems to mean "scamping work." It is a device which, we are told, has been adopted by certain French workpeople as a substitute for striking. The workman, in other words, purposes to remain on and to do his work badly, so as to annoy his employer's customers and cause loss to his employer. [The Liberty Review, January 1907]
SABOTAGE [章節標題] 我們所添加的標題似乎意味着“草草了事”。我們被告知,這是某些法國工人採用的一種替代罷工的設備。換句話說,工人打算繼續工作,但工作質量很差,以便打擾僱主的客戶並給僱主造成損失。[《自由評論》1907年1月]
You may believe that sabotage is murder, and so forth, but it is not so at all. Sabotage means giving back to the bosses what they give to us. Sabotage consists in going slow with the process of production when the bosses go slow with the same process in regard to wages. [Arturo M. Giovannitti, quoted in report of the Sagamore Sociological Conference, June 1907]
你可能認爲破壞是謀殺等等,但實際上並不是這樣。Sabotage 意味着將老闆給我們的東西還給老闆。當老闆在工資方面緩慢時,Sabotage 就是在生產過程中放慢速度。[Arturo M. Giovannitti,引用 Sagamore Sociological Conference 的報告,1907年6月]
軍事上的擴展,指的是在第一次世界大戰中進行祕密破壞以破壞敵人。