"最高權力掌握在少數獨裁階級手中的政府形式",1570年代,源自14世紀的法語 oligarchie,源自希臘語 oligarkhia 的拉丁化形式,意爲“少數人統治”,由 oligos 的詞幹(意爲“少數,小,少許”,詞源不明)和 -arkhia 組成,後者源自 arkhein “統治”(參見 archon)。英語中早期的形式是 oligracie(約1500年,源自古法語)。
Aristotle, after some preliminary remarks, concludes by defining a democracy to be, when the freemen and those not the rich, being the majority, possess the sovereign power; and an oligarchy, when the rich and those of noble birth, being few, are in possession of the sovereign power. This definition of an oligarchy necessarily implies that the majority are excluded from participating in the sovereign power. It might be inferred, on the other hand, that in this definition of a democracy the few are excluded from the sovereign power: and such in this passage should be the meaning of the author, if he is consistent with himself. ["Political Dictionary," London 1845]
亞里士多德在一些初步的評論之後,得出結論,民主是指自由人和非富人,即佔多數的人擁有主權; 而寡頭政治是指富人和貴族出身的人,即少數人擁有主權。這個寡頭政治的定義必然意味着大多數人被排除在參與主權之外。另一方面,可以推斷出,在這個民主的定義中,少數人被排除在主權之外:如果作者在這一段中保持一致,這應該是作者的意思。["政治詞典",倫敦1845年]