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charade 的詞源

charade(n.)

“Charade”一詞最早出現於1776年的法語 charade(18世紀),可能源自普羅旺斯語 charrado “長篇對話,閒聊”,其起源不明,可能源自擬聲詞 charrar “閒聊,聊天”。與之類似的詞還有意大利語 ciarlare,西班牙語 charlar 等。

An enigma whose solution is a word of two or more syllables, each of which separately significant in sound, and which, as well as the whole word, must be discovered from a dialogue or description in which it is used, or from dramatic representation. [Century Dictionary]
這是一個謎語,答案是一個由兩個或兩個以上音節組成的單詞,每個音節都有獨立的意義,整個單詞必須從對話或描述中發現,或從戲劇表演中發現。[世紀詞典]

這個遊戲最初是基於單詞或音節的謎語描述的詩歌文字遊戲。

As we have ever made it a Rule to shew our Attention to the Reader, by 'catching the Manners living, as they rise,' as Mr. Pope expresses it, we think ourselves obliged to give Place to the following Specimens of a new Kind of SMALL WIT, which, for some Weeks past, has been the Subject of Conversation in almost every Society, from the Court to the Cottage. The CHARADE is, in fact, a near Relation of the old Rebus. It is usually formed from a Word of two Syllables; the first Syllable is described by the Writer; then the second; they are afterwards united and the whole Word marked out .... [supplement to The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure, volumes 58-59, 1776] 
我們一直遵循向讀者展示我們的關注的規則,正如 Pope 先生所說的,“抓住生活中的禮儀,因爲它們崛起”,我們認爲自己有義務讓以下新型小聰明的樣本獲得一席之地,這種樣本幾乎在從法院到小屋的每個社交場合都是談論的話題。實際上,Charade 與古老的 Rebus 有着密切的關係。它通常由兩個音節的單詞組成; 作者首先描述第一個音節,然後是第二個音節; 然後將它們結合起來,並標出整個單詞……[《知識和樂趣的普及雜誌》補充版,卷58-59,1776年]

其中給出的例子有:

My first makes all nature appear of one face;
At the next we find music, and beauty and grace;
And, if this Charade is most easily read,
I think that the third shou'd be thrown at my head.
我的第一個讓自然呈現出一個面孔;
在下一個中,我們發現音樂、美麗和優雅;
如果這個 Charade 最容易讀懂,
我想第三個應該扔在我的頭上。

答案是“雪球”。無聲 Charade 是這個遊戲的主要現代形式,最初是一種稱爲 dumb charades 的變體,遵循了舊模式,表演團隊按順序扮演所有角色,然後觀衆團隊開始猜測。

There is one species of charade which is performed solely by "dumb motions," somewhat resembling the child's game of "trades and professions"; but the acting charade is a much more amusing, and more difficult matter. ["Goldoni, and Modern Italian Comedy," in The Foreign And Colonial Quarterly Review, vol. vi, 1846] 
有一種 Charade 是僅通過“啞動作”來表演的,有點像孩子們玩的“行業和職業”遊戲; 但是表演 Charade 更有趣,也更困難。[“戈爾多尼和現代意大利喜劇”,《外國和殖民地季刊評論》,第六卷,1846年]

一本1850年的書《表演 Charades》報告說, Charades en Action 在法國社會中非常流行,“最近,這個遊戲已經被引入了一些愛好歡樂的英國人的客廳。它的成功非常驚人。”威爾士語 siarad 顯然是從法語或英語借來的,但其“說話,交談”的含義更接近普羅旺斯語的原意。

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charade 的趨勢

根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。

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翻譯由AI生成。查看原文,請訪問: Etymology, origin and meaning of charade

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