mania 的詞源

還有 cleptomania，1830年，由 mania 和希臘詞 kleptes “小偷，騙子”組成，源自 kleptein “偷竊，祕密行動”，源自 PIE *klep- “偷竊”（是根詞 *kel- (1) “覆蓋，隱藏，保存”的擴展）； 與拉丁語 clepere “偷竊，偷聽”，古普魯士語 au-klipts “隱藏的”，古教會斯拉夫語 poklopu “覆蓋，包裝”，哥特語 hlifan “偷竊”， hliftus “小偷”同源。

這個詞在19世紀備受嘲笑，被視爲過時盜竊的花哨術語，也是特權階層聲稱犯罪行爲有心理動機的機會。

There is a popular belief that some of the criminal laws under which the poor are rigorously punished are susceptible of remarkable elasticity when the peccadilloes of the rich are brought under judgment, and that there is some truth in the old adage which declares that "one man may steal a horse where another dare not look over the hedge." This unwholesome distrust is not likely to diminish if, in cases of criminal prosecutions where so-called respectable persons commit theft without sufficiently obvious motive for the act, they have their crime extenuated on the plea of kleptomania, as has recently occurred in several notable instances. ["Kleptomania," The Lancet, Nov. 16, 1861]

有一種普遍的觀念，即一些嚴厲懲罰窮人的刑法在富人的過錯受到審判時具有顯著的彈性，而且有些人相信古老的格言“一個人可以偷馬，而另一個人不敢越過籬笆看”。如果在刑事起訴案件中，所謂的體面人犯下偷竊行爲，而行爲的動機不夠明顯，他們的罪行被以盜竊癖爲由減輕，這種不健康的不信任是不太可能減少的，正如最近發生在幾個顯著案例中的情況。["Kleptomania," The Lancet, Nov. 16, 1861]

"偉大妄想症； 一種精神錯亂，患者想象自己是偉大、崇高或強大的人物"，1866年，源自法語 mégalomanie； 參見 megalo- "偉大的，誇張的" + mania "瘋狂"。