manumission 的詞源

"解放，擺脫奴役或束縛"，約1400年， manumissioun，"基督拯救人類"； 15世紀初，"擺脫封建奴役"，也是這種釋放的一個例子，來自古法語 manumission "自由，解放"，直接源自拉丁語 manumissionem（主格 manumissio）"釋放奴隸"，動作名詞，來自 manumittere 的過去分詞詞幹"釋放"，來自短語 manu mittere "解除控制"，來自 manu， manus 的與格，意爲"主人的權力"，字面意思是"手"（來自 PIE 詞根 *man-（2）"手"）+ mittere "放手，釋放"（參見 mission）。具體指1660年代英國殖民地的黑人奴隸。

The ceremony of the Manumissio by the Vindicta was as follows:—The master brought his slave before the magistratus, and stated the grounds (causa) of the intended manumission. The lictor of the magistratus laid a rod (festuca) on the head of the slave, accompanied with certain formal words, in which he declared that he was a free man ex Jure Quiritium, that is, "vindicavit in libertatem." The master in the meantime held the slave, and after he had pronounced the words "hunc hominem liberum volo," he turned him round (momento turbinis exit Marcus Dama, Persius, Sat. v. 78) and let him go (emisit e manu, or misit manu, Plaut. Capt. ii. 3. 48), whence the general name of the act of manumission. [William Smith, ed., "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquity," 1870]

Manumissio 的儀式如下：主人將他的奴隸帶到 magistratus 面前，並陳述 causa 的理由。magistratus 的執法官在奴隸的頭上放了一根 festuca，伴隨着某些正式的話語，宣佈他是一個自由的人，即"vindicavit in libertatem"。主人在此期間抓住奴隸，在他發表了"我想讓這個人自由"的話後，他把奴隸轉過身來（momento turbinis exit Marcus Dama，Persius，Sat. v. 78），然後放手讓他走（emisit e manu 或 misit manu，Plaut. Capt. ii. 3. 48），因此得名 Manumission 的行爲。[威廉·史密斯（William Smith），編輯，《希臘和羅馬古代詞典》，1870]