早在12世紀初,“構成神聖學院的教會王子之一”,源自中世紀拉丁語 cardinalis,最初作爲名詞“羅馬主要(cardinal)教堂的長老之一”,縮寫爲 cardinalis ecclesiae Romanae 或 episcopus cardinalis,源自拉丁語 cardinalis(形容詞)“主要的,首要的,基本的”(參見 cardinal(形容詞))。
Roughly, the word in -ity usually means the quality of being what the adjective describes, or concretely an instance of the quality, or collectively all the instances; & the word in -ism means the disposition, or collectively all those who feel it. [Fowler]