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inauguration 的詞源

inauguration(n.)

"就職典禮; 莊嚴或正式介紹或啓動任何重要或有尊嚴的事物的行爲",1560年代,來自法語 inauguration "安裝,祝聖",直接來自晚期拉丁語 inaugurationem(格 inauguratio)"祝聖",可能最初是"在良好兆頭下安裝"; 動作名詞,來自 inaugurare 的過去分詞詞幹"觀察鳥類飛行的徵兆; 在兆頭良好時祝聖或安裝",來自 in- "在"(來自 PIE 詞根 *en "在")+ augurare "充當占卜師,預測"(參見 augur(n.))。

INAUGURATIO was in general the ceremony by which the augurs obtained, or endeavoured to obtain, the sanction of the gods to something which had been decreed by man; in particular, however, it was the ceremony by which things or persons were consecrated to the gods .... If the signs observed by the inaugurating priest were thought favourable, the decree of men had the sanction of the gods, and the inauguratio was completed. [William Smith (ed.), "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities," 1842]
INAUGURATIO 通常是占卜師獲得或試圖獲得神的認可,對人所定的某事進行祝聖的儀式; 特別是,它是將事物或人物奉獻給神的儀式......如果祝聖祭司觀察到的徵兆被認爲是有利的,那麼人們的法令就得到了神的認可,祝聖儀式就完成了。[威廉·史密斯(編),"希臘和羅馬古代文物詞典",1842年]

相關條目

"古羅馬的一種官員,其職責是觀察和解釋有關未來事件的吉兆或自然跡象," 1540年代,源自拉丁語 augur,是古羅馬的一位宗教官員,也許最初的意思是“通過儀式增加莊稼的產量”,如果是這樣,那麼它可能來自古拉丁語 *augos(屬格 *augeris)“增加”,並與 augere “增加”有關(源自 PIE 詞根 *aug-(1)“增加”)。

更流行的理論是它來自拉丁語 avis “鳥”,因爲鳥的飛行、歌唱和進食是重要的占卜對象(比較 auspex)。在這種情況下,第二個元素將來自 garrire “說話”。相關的: Auguralaugurial

These auspices were studied, with a fixed ceremonial, in the following classes of phenomena: (1) signs from the heavens, including thunder and lightning, and other meteorological manifestations; (2) signs from the direction of flight or the various cries of birds; (3) signs from the manner of eating of domestic hens kept for this purpose; (4) signs from the movements and attitudes of animals; (5) evil omens from various fortuitous incidents, such as the fall of any object, the gnawing of a mouse, the creaking of a chair, etc., occurring during the augural ceremonies or when these were about to begin. [Century Dictionary]
這些吉兆是通過固定的儀式研究的,包括:(1)來自天空的跡象,包括雷電和其他氣象現象; (2)來自鳥類飛行方向或各種叫聲的跡象; (3)來自專門飼養的家禽進食方式的跡象; (4)來自動物的動作和態度的跡象; (5)來自各種偶然事件的不祥徵兆,例如物體的掉落、老鼠的啃咬、椅子的吱吱聲等,這些事件發生在占卜儀式期間或即將開始時。[世紀詞典]

1680年代起源於法語 inaugural(17世紀),來自 inaugurer「主持就職典禮」(14世紀),源自拉丁語 inaugurare「進行就職典禮」(參見 inauguration)。作為名詞,意指「就職演說」的用法自1832年起在美式英語中出現。

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inauguration 的趨勢

根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。

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