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obstacle 的詞源

obstacle(n.)

"阻礙、障礙、妨礙或屏障; 阻擋或擋道的東西",14世紀中葉,來自古法語 obstacleostacle "反對、阻礙、妨礙"(13世紀),直接源自拉丁語 obstaculum "阻礙、障礙",帶有工具後綴 *-tlom,加上 obstare "站在前面、對立、阻擋、妨礙、挫敗",來自 ob "在前面、對着"(見 ob-),加上 stare "站立",源自 PIE 詞根 *sta- "站立、堅定或穩固"。

The lover thinks more often of reaching his mistress than the husband of guarding his wife; the prisoner thinks more often of escaping than the gaoler of shutting his door; and so, whatever the obstacles may be, the lover and the prisoner ought to succeed. [Stendhal, "Charterhouse of Parma"]
情人更經常想到達到他的情人,而不是丈夫想到保護他的妻子; 囚犯更經常想到逃脫,而不是獄卒想到關上他的門; 因此,無論障礙是什麼,情人和囚犯都應該成功。[斯坦達爾,《帕爾馬修道院》]

Obstacle course "賽道,必須克服自然或人工障礙的比賽",最早見於1891年。

相關條目

負面現在分詞作爲準介詞使用,最初和正確的寫法是兩個單詞,14世紀後期, notwiþstondynge “儘管,不顧”來自 not 和動詞 withstand 的現在分詞。它具有 with 的舊“反對”意義。這是中世紀拉丁語 non obstante “沒有阻礙”的借譯,字面意思是“不妨礙”,來自 obstans 的與格,動詞 obstare 的現在分詞“站在對面”(見 obstacle)。作爲副詞,“然而”,作爲連詞,“儘管事實如此”,從15世紀初開始使用。

Notwithstanding ... calls attention with some emphasis to an obstacle: as, notwithstanding his youth, he made great progress. In spite of and despite, by the strength of the word spite, point primarily to active opposition: as, in spite of his utmost efforts, he was defeated; and, figuratively, to great obstacles of any kind: as, despite all hindrances, he arrived at the time appointed. [Century Dictionary]
Notwithstanding ... 強調障礙:例如, notwithstanding 他年輕,他取得了很大進步。 In spite ofdespite,由於 spite 這個詞的力量,首先指的是積極的反對:例如, in spite of 他最大的努力,他被打敗了; 並且,比喻地,指的是任何種類的巨大障礙:例如, despite 所有的阻礙,他按時到達了。[世紀詞典]

"助產士或助產術的," 1742年,源自現代拉丁語 obstetricus "關於助產士的",來自 obstetrix(屬格 obstetricis) "助產士",字面意思是 "站在(分娩的女人)對面的人",來自 obstare "站在對面"(參見 obstacle)。真正的形容詞應該是 obstetricic,"但只有學究纔會在這個階段對 obstetric 提出異議" [福勒]。相關詞彙: Obstetrical

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obstacle 的趨勢

根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。

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翻譯由AI生成。查看原文,請訪問: Etymology, origin and meaning of obstacle

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