1550年代,“緊密排列的戰鬥陣線”,源自拉丁語 phalanx “緊密武裝的戰士組成的緊密隊列”,或直接源自希臘語 phalanx(屬格 phalangos)“戰鬥陣線”,也指“手指或腳趾骨”,最初指“圓木塊,樹幹”,其起源不詳。也許源自 PIE 詞根 *bhelg- “木板,梁”(源自古英語 balca “橫樑”; 參見 balk (n.))。
在解剖學中,最初指整個手指關節排列,就像緊密排列的步兵一樣。比喻意義上的“一羣人爲了共同的事業而聯合起來”的意思可以追溯到1600年(參見西班牙語 Falangist,這是一個成立於1933年的法西斯組織的成員)。
The celebrated Macedonian phalanx was normally drawn up sixteen ranks deep, the men being clad in armor, bearing shields, and armed with swords and with spears from 21 to 24 feet long. In array the shields formed a continuous bulwark, and the ranks were placed at such intervals that five spears which were borne pointed forward and upward protected every man in the front rank. The phalanx on smooth ground, and with its flanks and rear adequately protected, was practically invincible; but it was cumbrous and slow in movement, and if once broken could only with great difficulty be reformed. [Century Dictionary]
著名的馬其頓方陣通常排列16排,士兵穿着盔甲,手持盾牌,配備長達21至24英尺的長矛和劍。在陣列中,盾牌形成了一個連續的壁壘,而排列則被放置在這樣的間隔中,以便每個前排的人都有五支向前和向上指的長矛來保護。在平坦的地面上,如果其側翼和後方得到充分的保護,方陣幾乎是不可戰勝的; 但它的移動很笨重緩慢,一旦被打破,只能很難地重新組成。[世紀詞典]