phenomenalism 的詞源

"現象是唯一的現實或知識對象的哲學學說或思維方式"，1856年，基督教背景下使用（與 materialism 相對），由 phenomenal 和 -ism 組成。早期在相同的意義上使用的是 phenomenism（1830年）。相關詞彙有 Phenomenalist（1856年）。

I AM about to try to explain a manner of thought which, in various applications, or perhaps misapplications, of it, I have been in the habit of mentally characterizing, and perhaps of speaking of, as 'positivism.' I shall now however not use this term, but the term 'phenomenalism.' I understand the two terms to express in substance the same thing .... The reason for the change is, because in the purely intellectual application which I shall now make of the term, ''phenomenalism' may perhaps carry with it less danger of extraneous associations being joined with it, and may express what I mean more generally .... [John Grote, "Rough Notes on Modern Intellectual Science," 1865]

我將試圖解釋一種思維方式，它在各種應用中，或許是誤用中，我一直在習慣性地描述，也許是在口頭上稱之爲“實證主義”。但現在我不會使用這個術語，而是使用“現象主義”這個術語。我理解這兩個術語在實質上表達了同樣的事情……改變的原因是，因爲在我現在要進行的純粹智力應用中，“現象主義”可能會帶有較少的附加關聯，並且可能更普遍地表達我的意思。（約翰·格羅特，“對現代智力科學的粗略筆記”，1865年）