refinement 的詞源
refinement(n.)
17世紀10年代,“提煉的行爲或過程; 純淨或提純的狀態”,源自 refine 和 -ment。1710年代,“感覺的精緻,擺脫粗俗或墮落的狀態”; 1670年代,“源自提煉或渴望提煉的東西,語言、品味等的改進或變化”,如德萊頓所說。相關詞彙: Refinements。
Refinement is properly most negative, representing a freeing from what is gross, coarse, rude, and the like, or a bringing of one out of a similar condition in which he is supposed to have been at the start. Cultivation and culture represent the person or the better part of him as made to grow by long-continued and thorough work. [Century Dictionary, 1900]
Refinement 最初是負面的,代表從粗俗、粗魯等狀態中解放出來,或將一個人從類似的起點狀態中帶出來。Cultivation 和 culture 代表人或他更好的部分通過長期而徹底的工作而成長。[世紀詞典,1900]
We cannot reasonably expect, that a piece of woollen cloth will be wrought to perfection in a nation which is ignorant of astronomy, or where ethics are neglected. [Hume, "Of Refinement in the Arts"]
我們不能合理地期望,在一個對天文學一無所知或忽視倫理學的國家裏,一塊羊毛布料會被完美地製作出來。[休謨,“藝術的提煉”]
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