dumb-bell 的詞源
dumb-bell(n.)
同時, dumbbell,“一對用於鍛鍊的加重槓鈴”,1785年開始使用,根據 OED 的說法,早在1711年,它是指類似於敲鐘的裝置,但沒有鍾(因此稱爲 dumb); 它既用於體育鍛煉,有時也用於練習敲鐘。參見 dumb(形容詞)+ bell(名詞)。如果這是正確的,那麼這個詞一定是被轉義過來的; 18世紀早期的參考資料提到了“拉”或“敲”啞鈴,並指出這隻能在室內進行。以下是約瑟夫·斯特魯特(Joseph Strutt)1801年著作《英國人民的體育和娛樂活動》(The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England)1903年重印版的腳註:
The origin of the term is somewhat curious. Dumb-bells take their name by analogy, as was pointed out in Notes and Queries in 1861, "from a machine used for exercise, consisting of a rough, heavy, wooden flywheel with a rope passing through and round a spindle ... and set in motion like a church bell." This statement, however, does not sufficiently explain the transference of such a name to the short bar and rounded lead or iron ends of a hand dumb-bell. This difficulty was explained by the late Chancellor Ferguson in a paper read before the Archaeological Institute in 1895, wherein a dumb-bell apparatus, now at Lord Sackville's seat at Knowle, was described and illustrated. The roller round which the rope winds and unwinds has four iron arms, each of which has a leaden poise or ball at the end, just like the end of an ordinary hand dumb-bell. This Knowle example is fixed in an attic and the rope passed through to a gallery beneath. Anyone pulling the rope would get much the same exercise as in pulling a bell rope in a church tower, but without annoying his neighbours by the noise. There used to be a similar apparatus at New College, Oxford.
這個詞的起源有些奇特。正如 Notes and Queries 在1861年指出的那樣,“它的名字是通過類比而來的,源自一種用於鍛鍊的機器,由一個粗糙而沉重的木質飛輪、通過繩子穿過和繞過一個軸承...並像教堂的鐘一樣運動。”然而,這個說法並沒有充分解釋爲什麼會把這個名字轉移到手持啞鈴的短杆和圓形鉛或鐵頭上。這個難題在1895年考古學研究所(Archaeological Institute)的一篇由已故的費爾格森校長在讀的論文中得到了解釋,文中描述並插圖展示了一種啞鈴裝置,現存於薩克維爾勳爵的諾爾座(Knowle),繩子繞過的滾輪有四個鐵臂,每個臂端都有一個鉛質或鐵質的配重球,就像普通手持啞鈴的末端一樣。這個諾爾座的例子固定在閣樓上,繩子穿過到下面的一個畫廊。拉動繩子的人會得到與在教堂塔樓里拉動鍾繩相似的鍛鍊效果,但不會因噪音而打擾鄰居。牛津大學的新學院曾經有一個類似的裝置。
1918年,美國英語大學俚語中出現了“笨蛋,愚蠢的人”的比喻意義。
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dumb-bell 的趨勢
根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。
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