約於1500年,源自法語 faction(14世紀),直接源自拉丁語 factionem(主格 factio)“政黨,人羣階級”,字面意思是“製造或做”,是 facere 的動名詞形式,意爲“做”(源自 PIE 詞根 *dhe- “放置,放下”)。在古羅馬,最初指“賽車場四個競爭隊伍之一”,以其服裝顏色區分。後來,“寡頭政治,篡奪派系,通過不正當手段尋求政府變革的政黨。”
A spirit of faction, which is apt to mingle its poison in the deliberations of all bodies of men, will often hurry the persons of whom they are composed into improprieties and excesses for which they would blush in a private capacity. [Hamilton, "The Federalist," No. 15]
“一種 faction 的精神,往往會在所有人羣的討論中混入其毒素,會使他們陷入不當和過度的行爲,這些行爲在私人身份下會讓他們感到羞恥。”[漢密爾頓,“聯邦黨人文集”,第15篇]