15世紀初,“石油,巖油,一種在某些岩層中自然發生的油性易燃物質”(14世紀中期的盎格魯-法語),源自中世紀拉丁語 petroleum,來自拉丁語 petra “岩石”(見 petrous)+ oleum “油”(見 oil(n.))。1859年,在賓夕法尼亞州西部開始商業生產和精煉,19世紀後期,它幾乎完全在賓夕法尼亞州和紐約州西部商業生產。
Petroleum was known to the Persians, Greeks, and Romans under the name of naphtha; the less-liquid varieties were called [asphaltos] by the Greeks, and bitumen was with the Romans a generic name for all the naturally occurring hydrocarbons which are now included under the names of asphaltum, maltha, and petroleum. The last name was not in use in classic times. [Century Dictionary, 1895]
約於1400年,解剖學上指“非常堅硬、密實”,源自古法語 petros(現代法語 petreux),直接源自拉丁語 petrosus “石頭般的”,來自 petra “岩石”,源自希臘語 petra “岩石、懸崖、巖架、巖脊”,這是一個未知詞源的詞(Beekes 認爲它“可能是前希臘語”)。用於某些骨骼,尤其是顳骨的某些部位。