“山區阿巴拉契亞人”,最早見於1892年,來自 hill(山丘)+ Billy/Billie,是 William(威廉)的暱稱或愛稱。關於一種美國民間音樂的稱呼,最早見於1924年。
I would hate to see some old railroad man come here and take my job, and then, I don't think it is right to hire some Hill Billy and give him the same right as I just because he was hired the same time I was. [The Railroad Trainmen's Journal, vol. ix, July 1892]
“我不想看到一些老鐵路工人來這裏搶我的工作,而且,我認爲僱傭一些山地佬,僅僅因爲他和我同時被僱傭,就給他和我同樣的權利是不對的。”[《鐵路工人雜誌》,第九卷,1892年7月]
In short, a Hill-Billie is a free and untrammelled white citizen of Alabama, who lives in the hills, has no means to speak of, dresses as he can, talks as he pleases, drinks whiskey when he gets it, and fires of his revolver as the fancy takes him. [New York Journal, April 23, 1900]
簡而言之,山地佬是指阿拉巴馬州的一個自由而不受束縛的白人公民,他住在山裏,沒有什麼財產,穿着隨意,說話隨心所欲,喝到威士忌時就喝,隨心所欲地開槍。[《紐約日報》,1900年4月23日]
在斯科特的邊境民謠集中, billie 是一個常用的稱呼或親密的詞語,“同志,夥伴,戰友”,“表達感情和熟悉的詞語”,也是“兄弟; 女人的追求者”,通常是“年輕人”[詹姆遜,第二版]。據說這是 bully(戀人)的變體,也是“好傢伙”的舊義。