turbid 的詞源

“泥泞的，因外来物质而污秽的，浓稠的，不清晰的”，1620年代，来自拉丁语 turbidus “泥泞的，充满混乱的”，来自 turbare “使困惑，迷惑”，源自 turba “骚乱，人群”，其起源不确定。De Vaan 写道：

Turba seems most similar to [Greek syrbe, Attic tyrbe] 'noise, commotion', ... which are probably loanwords. In that case, Latin would have borrowed the word from a Greek dialect, or both Greek and Latin borrowed it from a third source. In view of the quite well-developed word family already in Plautus, which suggests that turba had been in the language for some time, the latter option seems preferable.

与 disturb、trouble、turbine 相关。用于描述液体的沉淀被搅动，后来也用于描述颜色，并扩展至“混乱的，杂乱无章的”（1640年代）。中古英语医学著作使用 turbide (adj.) “受损的，因疾病而受苦的”（15世纪早期）。相关词： Turbidly； turbidness。