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viable 的詞源

viable(adj.)

1823年，「能夠生存的，可能活著的」，來自法語viable「能夠生活」（1530年代），源自vie「生命」（來自拉丁語vita「生命」，來自原始印歐語根*gwei-「生活」）+-able。最初用於新生嬰兒；1848年記錄了「能夠持續存在」的普遍意義。相關詞：Viably。

With Dr. Beck we have adopted this word from the French, as we no word as expressive in our language, Dr. Smith's term rearable not being sufficiently definite. [R.E. Griffith, "Remarks on Infanticide," Philadelphia Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences, May and August 1827]
與貝克博士一起，我們從法語採用了這個詞，因為我們的語言中沒有任何表達如此準確的詞彙，史密斯博士的術語rearable不夠明確。[R.E. Griffith, "Remarks on Infanticide," Philadelphia Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences, May and August 1827]
Not much to their credit, English doctors and lawyers have tried to naturalize the French viable, 'likely to live', from vie, a corruption of vita. Who, at first sight, would not suppose that viable must be connected with via? Vivable would have been much better; or, if it were not dark enough, there is vitable, which does not lack the support of analogy. [Fitzedward Hall, "Modern English," 1873]
英國的醫生和律師們試圖將法語viable「可能活著的」自然化，來自vie，是vita的變體，這並不值得稱讚。誰能不在第一眼就認為viable必須與via有關呢？Vivable會更好；或者，如果這還不夠明確，還有vitable，這不缺乏類比的支持。[Fitzedward Hall, "Modern English," 1873]

也來自：1823

相關條目

inviable(adj.)

1909年，生物學中，來自 in-（1）“不”+ viable。相關： Inviability。

non-viable(adj.)

“非活”的意思是指胎兒太小，無法獨立維持生命，最早出現於1821年，源自法語 non-viable（1813年在 Code Napoléon 中出現）。其中 non- 表示“非”， viable 表示“能夠生存”。

It is an established fact, that under the fifth month no foetus can be born alive—from the fifth to the seventh it may come into the world alive, but cannot maintain existence. The French term these non viable. We may designate them non-rearable, or more properly immature—in distinction to those between the seventh and the ninth month, which may be reared, and are termed premature. [John Gordon Smith, M.D., "The Principles of Forensic Medicine," London, 1821] 
已經確立的事實是，在第五個月之前，沒有任何胎兒能夠活着出生——從第五個月到第七個月，胎兒可能出生時還活着，但無法維持生命。法語稱之爲 non viable。我們可以稱之爲不可養育的，或更準確地說是 immature ——與第七個月到第九個月之間的胎兒相區別，後者可以被養育，被稱爲 premature。[約翰·戈登·史密斯博士，《法醫學原理》，倫敦，1821年] 
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viable 的趨勢

根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。

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