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Munich 的詞源

Munich

德國巴伐利亞首府,德文 München,源自 Mönch “修道士”(見 monk)的詞根; 由本篤會修道士於1158年建立爲一個市鎮。在“綏靖”方面的典故中,它指的是1938年9月29日德國、英國、法國和意大利代表在那裏會晤,結果是爲了希特勒的承諾而將蘇臺德地區割讓給德國。

During the flight [from Munich] Daladier sat silent and morose, worried about the reception he would receive at Le Bourget, about how the French would react to his having betrayed Czechoslovakia and France's promises. As the plane circled for landing, he and others saw a massive crowd awaiting them. Expecting jeers, hisses, rotten fruit, and maybe worse, Daladier declared stolidly: 'They are going to mob me, I suppose. ... I appreciate their feelings,' and insisted on absorbing their wrath by being the first off the plane. But as he stood dumbfounded on the gangplank, thousands surged forward carrying flags and flowers, shouting 'Hurrah for France! Hurrah for England! Hurrah for peace!' Daladier turned back to Léger and cursed, 'The God-damned fools!' [Benjamin F. Martin, "France in 1938"]
“在從慕尼黑飛回的途中,達拉第爾默默無語,擔心他將在勒布爾蓋特受到的接待,擔心法國將如何對待他背叛捷克斯洛伐克和法國的承諾。當飛機盤旋着降落時,他和其他人看到一大羣人在等待着他們。期望着嘲笑聲、嘶聲、爛水果,甚至更糟的是,達拉第爾沉着地宣佈:“他們要暴動我,我想。……我理解他們的感受。”並堅持成爲第一個下飛機面對他們的憤怒。但當他驚訝地站在跳板上時,成千上萬的人涌向前來,揮舞着旗幟和鮮花,喊着“爲法國歡呼!爲英國歡呼!爲和平歡呼!”達拉第爾轉身對萊格爾咒罵:“這些該死的傻瓜!”[本傑明·F·馬丁,“1938年的法國”]

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"修行宗教信仰或履行宗教職責的男性社羣或修會成員,並受特定誓約約束",古英語 munuc(也用於女性),源自原始日耳曼語 *muniko-(也是古弗里斯蘭語 munek 、中古荷蘭語 monic 、古高地德語 munih 、德語 Mönch 的來源),早期從通俗拉丁語 *monicus 借用而來(法語 moine 、西班牙語 monje 、意大利語 monaco 的來源),源自晚期拉丁語 monachus 的"修道士",最初指的是"宗教隱士",源自教會希臘語 monakhos 的"修道士",是一個古希臘形容詞的名詞用法,意爲"獨居",源自 monos 的"獨自"(源自 PIE 詞根 *men-(4)"小的,孤立的")。在教會歷史上,最早的修道士是爲了宗教冥想和獨自履行宗教職責而隱退世俗的男性。關於 -o- 替換 -u- 的原因,請參見 come

In England, before the Reformation, the term was not applied to the members of the mendicant orders, who were always called friars. From the 16th c. to the 19th c., however, it was usual to speak of the friars as a class of monks. In recent times the distinction between the terms has been carefully observed by well-informed writers. In French and Ger. the equivalent of monk is applied equally to 'monks' and 'friars.' [OED]
在英國,宗教改革之前,該術語不適用於行乞修會的成員,他們總是被稱爲 friars.。然而,從16世紀到19世紀,通常將修道士稱爲一個修會的類別。近年來,精通知識的作家們已經仔細區分了這兩個術語。在法語和德語中, monk 的等效詞既適用於"修道士"也適用於"修士"。[OED]
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    Munich 的趨勢

    根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。

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    翻譯由AI生成。查看原文,請訪問: Etymology, origin and meaning of Munich

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