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Scientology 的詞源

Scientology(n.)

1951年,由美國作家 L. Ron Hubbard(1911-1986)創立的一種信仰體系; 這是他創造的一個混合詞。在《科學的基礎》(1952年,The Hubbard Association of Scientologists Inc.)一書中,哈伯德描述了他創造這個詞的思路:

"Scientology" is a new word which names a new science. It is formed from the Latin word, "scio", which means KNOW, or DISTINGUISH, being related to the word "scindo", which means CLEAVE. (Thus, the idea of differentiation is strongly implied.) It is formed from the Greek word "logos", which means THE WORD or OUTWARD FORM BY WHICH THE INWARD THOUGHT IS EXPRESSED AND MADE KNOWN: also, THE INWARD THOUGHT or REASON ITSELF. Thus, SCIENTOLOGY means KNOWING ABOUT KNOWING, or SCIENCE OF KNOWLEDGE.
“Scientology”是一個新詞,它命名了一門新科學。它由拉丁詞“scio”(意爲“知道”或“區分”,與“scindo”(意爲“分裂”)有關)和希臘詞“logos”(意爲“言語、陳述、演講”,也指“計算、賬目”,還指“理性”)組成。因此,“SCIENTOLOGY”意味着“知道知識”或“知識科學”。

它的元素是拉丁語 scire “知道”(參見 science)和希臘語 logos “言語、演講、陳述”,也指“計算、賬目”,還指“理性”,源自 PIE *log-o-,是 *leg-(1)“收集、聚集”的帶後綴形式,派生詞意爲“說話”,意爲“挑選單詞”。德語中也有 scientologie(A. Nordenholz,1937)。相關詞: Scientologist

相關條目

14世紀中葉,“知道的狀態或事實; 通過學習獲得的知識; 信息; ”還有“知識的確信,確定性”,源自古法語 science “知識,學問,應用; 人類知識體系”(12世紀),源自拉丁語 scientia “知識,認識; 專業知識”,源自 sciens(屬格 scientis)“聰明的,有技能的”, scire 的現在分詞“知道”。

拉丁動詞中最初的概念可能是“將一件事物與另一件事物分開,區分”,或者“切割”。這與 scindere “切割,分割”有關(源自 PIE 詞根 *skei- “切割,分裂”; 希臘語 skhizein “分裂,撕裂”,哥特語 skaidan,,古英語 sceadan “分割,分離”)。

OED 寫道,該詞在英語中最早的意義現在僅限於神學和哲學。從14世紀末開始,它指的是“書本學問”,也指的是“特定的知識領域或學科,系統化的關於特定對象羣的知識”; 還有“技能,聰明才智; 狡猾”。從約1400年開始,它指的是“經驗性知識”; 還指“訓練所得的技能,手藝; 一門行業”。

從14世紀末開始,它更具體的意義是“人類集體知識”,尤其是通過系統觀察、實驗和推理獲得的知識。現代(限定的)意義上的“關於特定主題或推測的一系列常規或系統觀察或命題”的概念可以追溯到1725年; 在17世紀至18世紀,這通常是 philosophy

“非藝術學科”的意義可追溯到1670年代。通常理解的區別是希臘語 epistemē 的理論真理和實現實際結果的方法(tekhnē),但有時 science 用於實際應用, art 用於技能應用。

主要的現代用法,“自然和物理科學”,通常限於對物質宇宙及其規律現象的研究,可追溯到19世紀中葉。

The men who founded modern science had two merits which are not necessarily found together: Immense patience in observation, and great boldness in framing hypotheses. The second of these merits had belonged to the earliest Greek philosophers; the first existed, to a considerable degree, in the later astronomers of antiquity. But no one among the ancients, except perhaps Aristarchus, possessed both merits, and no one in the Middle Ages possessed either. [Bertrand Russell, "A History of Western Philosophy," 1945] 
創立現代科學的人們具有兩個不一定同時具備的優點:對觀察的極大耐心和對假設的大膽。這兩個優點早期的希臘哲學家擁有; 第一個優點在古代後期的天文學家中也存在相當程度; 但古代沒有人同時具備這兩個優點,中世紀也沒有人具備其中任何一個。[伯特蘭·羅素,《西方哲學史》,1945年]
Science, since people must do it, is a socially embedded activity. It progresses by hunch, vision, and intuition. Much of its change through time does not record a closer approach to absolute truth, but the alteration of cultural contexts that influence it so strongly. Facts are not pure and unsullied bits of information; culture also influences what we see and how we see it. Theories, moreover, are not inexorable inductions from facts. The most creative theories are often imaginative visions imposed upon facts; the source of imagination is also strongly cultural. [Stephen Jay Gould, introduction to "The Mismeasure of Man," 1981]
科學是一種社會嵌入的活動,因爲人們必須進行科學研究。它通過直覺、視野和直覺來進步。它的變化往往不是接近絕對真理的結果,而是文化背景的改變對其產生了強烈影響。事實並不是純粹而無瑕的信息碎片; 文化也影響我們看到事物的方式。此外,理論並不是從事實中不可避免地歸納出來的。最有創造力的理論往往是對事實施加的富有想象力的願景; 想象力的源泉也在很大程度上受到文化的影響。[斯蒂芬·傑·古爾德,《人的錯誤測量》,1981年]

“收集,聚集”是原始印歐語言詞根,派生出“講話”的意思,指“聚集語言,挑選詞彙”。

它構成或成爲以下詞彙的一部分: alexia; analects; analogous; analogue; analogy; anthology; apologetic; apologue; apology; catalogue; coil; colleague; collect; college; collegial; Decalogue; delegate; dialect; dialogue; diligence; doxology; dyslexia; eclectic; eclogue; elect; election; epilogue; hapax legomenon; homologous; horology; ideologue; idiolect; intelligence; lectern; lectio difficilior; lection; lector; lecture; leech(n.2)“醫生”; legacy; legal; legate; legend; legible; legion; legislator; legitimate; lesson; lexicon; ligneous; ligni-; logarithm; logic; logistic; logo-; logogriph; logopoeia; Logos; -logue; -logy; loyal; monologue; neglect; neologism; philology; privilege; prolegomenon; prologue; relegate; sacrilege; select; syllogism; tautology; trilogy

據推測該詞根來源是:希臘語 legein “說,講,說出,宣告,計數”,最初指荷馬史詩中的“挑出、選擇、收集、列舉”, lexis “言語,措辭”, logos “言語,想法,觀點,記述”; 拉丁語 legere “收集,選擇,摘; 閱讀”, lignum “樹木,柴火”,原意爲“所收集的東西”, legare “委派,委任,授權”, lex “法律”(也許是“規則的收集”); 阿爾巴尼亞語 mb-ledh “收集,收穫”; 哥特語 lisan “收集,收穫”; 立陶宛語 lesti “挑選,採摘”; 赫梯語 less-zi “挑選,收集”。

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    Scientology 的趨勢

    根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。

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    翻譯由AI生成。查看原文,請訪問: Etymology, origin and meaning of Scientology

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