cleaver 的詞源

晚15世紀，"分裂者"，來自 cleave (v.1)的代理詞。最初是指"用楔子而非鋸子分裂木板的人"； 從14世紀中期開始，作爲姓氏的一部分出現。"屠夫的長刀"的含義始於15世紀中期。Marrow-bones and cleavers 作爲"粗糙音樂"的工具，始於1716年。

This last ["Marrowbones and Cleaver"] is a sign in Fetter Lane, originating from a custom, now rapidly dying away, of the butcher boys serenading newly married couples with these professional instruments. Formerly, the band would consist of four cleavers, each of a different tone, or, if complete, of eight, and by beating their marrowbones skilfully against these, they obtained a sort of music somewhat after the fashion of indifferent bell-ringing. When well performed, however, and heard from a proper distance, it was not altogether unpleasant. ... The butchers of Clare market had the reputation of being the best performers. ... This music was once so common that Tom Killigrew called it the national instrument of England. [Larwood & Hotten, "The History of Signboards from the Earliest Times to the Present Day," London, 1867]

最後一個["骨髓和切肉刀"]是 Fetter Lane 的一個標誌，源自一個現在正在逐漸消失的習俗，即屠夫的男孩們用這些專業工具爲新婚夫婦演奏小夜曲。以前，樂隊會由四把不同音調的切肉刀組成，或者如果完整的話，由八把組成，他們通過熟練地用骨髓敲擊這些刀，得到一種類似於普通鐘聲的音樂。然而，當演奏得好，且從適當的距離聽到時，它並不全然令人不悅。... Clare 市場的屠夫有着最佳表演者的聲譽。...這種音樂曾經如此普遍，以至於 Tom Killigrew 稱其爲英格蘭的國家樂器。[Larwood & Hotten, "The History of Signboards from the Earliest Times to the Present Day," London, 1867]