conspicuous 的詞源
conspicuous(adj.)
1540年代,"可見的,引人注目的",源自拉丁語 conspicuus "可見的,開放的; 吸引注意的,引人注目的",源自 conspicere "看,觀察,看到,注意到",源自 com- 的同化形式,這裏可能是一個強調前綴(參見 com-),加上 specere "看"(源自 PIE 詞根 *spek- "觀察")。
意思是"對思維明顯的,強迫注意的",來自1610年代; 因此"傑出的,顯著的,著名的"。相關詞: Conspicuously; conspicuousness。短語 conspicuous by its absence(1859)據說出自 Tacitus(《Annals》第三卷76節),講述了關於某些形象的一段話: "sed præfulgebant ... eo ipso quod effigies eorum non visebantur."
Conspicuous consumption "以奢華的規模增強聲望的開支"可追溯到1895年挪威裔美國經濟學家和社會學家 Thorstein Vebeln 的出版著作,他在他的《閒暇階級理論》(1899年)中走紅。
Not only must wealth be possessed, but there must be a show of its possession. It must be made obvious to all that there is an inexhaustible reserve. Hence leisure must be made conspicuous by "conspicuous consumption" and "conspicuous waste." If only enough persons and the right persons could see it and know it, it would be highly honorific to light a cigar occasionally with a thousand-dollar bill. A man must not limit his consumption to himself and his family. He must live in a palace many times larger than he can possibly fill, and have a large retinue of servants and retainers, ostensibly to minister to his wants, but really to make clear his ability to pay. [Lester F. Ward, review of "Theory of the Leisure Class" in The American Journal of Sociology, May 1900]
不僅必須擁有財富,還必須展示其擁有。必須讓所有人都明顯地知道有一個無窮無盡的儲備。因此,閒暇必須通過"顯眼的消費"和"顯眼的浪費"來顯眼。如果只有足夠多的人和合適的人能看到並知道,用一張千元鈔票偶爾點一支雪茄將是非常榮譽的。一個人不能將消費侷限於自己和家人。他必須住在一個比他能填滿的宮殿中,擁有大量的僕人和隨從,表面上是爲了滿足他的需求,但實際上是爲了清楚地顯示他的支付能力。[萊斯特·F·沃德(Lester F. Ward),《閒暇階級理論》評論,《美國社會學雜誌》,1900年5月]
conspicuous 的趨勢
根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。
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