大約1500年,“停止,結束; 離去,離別的行爲”(在這個意義上已過時),來自古法語“ departement ”“分割,分享; 離婚,分手”(12世紀),來自晚期拉丁語“ departire ”“劃分”(及物),來自“ de- ”的“從”(見於 de-)和“ partire ”“分離,分開”,來源於“ pars ”(屬格 partis )“一部分,一塊,一個份額,一個劃分”(來自 PIE 詞根“ *pere- (2) ”,“授予,分配”)。
法語“ department ” 還指“一羣人”(以及“離開”),由此,到1735年,英語也借用了“複雜整體的獨立分支,分配給較大組織中某人的獨立業務,獨立部門或活動組”,(科學,商業,製造業,軍事)。特指“政府的分隔部分”始於1769年。作爲法國行政區,起源於1792年。
“ Department store ”意爲“按部門組織銷售各種物品的商店”,始於1878年。
The "Department Store" is the outgrowth of the cheap counter business originated by Butler Brothers in Boston about ten years ago. The little "Five Cent Counter" then became a cornerstone from which the largest of all the world's branches of merchandising was to be reared. It was the "Cheap Counter" which proved to the progressive merchant his ability to sell all lines of wares under one roof. It was the Five Cent Counter "epidemic" of '77 and '78 which rushed like a mighty whirlwind from the Atlantic to the Pacific and all along its path transformed old time one line storekeepers into the wide-awake merchant princes of the present day. It was this same epidemic which made possible the world famed Department Stores of Houghton, of Boston; Macy, of New York; Wanamaker, of Philadelphia; and Lehman, of Chicago. [American Storekeeper, 1885]
“百貨商店”是在波士頓的 Butler Brothers 公司啓動的便宜的櫃檯業務的基礎上發展而來的。這個小的“五分錢櫃臺”成爲了最大的世界範圍內的商品銷售分支的基礎。這就是“便宜的櫃檯”向富有進取心的商人證明他在一塊硬頂下銷售各種商品的能力。正是“77年和78年的五分錢櫃臺‘流行病’”從大西洋到太平洋的強大旋風,沿着它的道路轉變了老式單一店主爲如今的機智的商業王子。正是這種流行病才使得世界著名的百貨公司成爲可能,如波士頓的豪登 Houghton,紐約的梅西 Macy,費城的萬納馬克 Wanamaker 和芝加哥的 Lehman。 【美國商店店主,1885】