jazzetry 的詞源

到了1912年，美國英語中首次出現在棒球俚語中； 作爲一種音樂類型，最早見於1915年。可能最終源自俚語 jasm （1860年）的“活力，精力，精神”，也許特指女性。這可能源自早期的 gism，意思相同（1842年）。

By the end of the 1800s, "gism" meant not only "vitality" but also "virility," leading to the word being used as slang for "semen." But — and this is significant — although a similar evolution happened to the word "jazz," which became slang for the act of sex, that did not happen until 1918 at the earliest. That is, the sexual connotation was not part of the origin of the word, but something added later. [Lewis Porter, "Where Did 'Jazz,' the Word, Come From?" http://wbgo.org Feb. 26, 2018]

到19世紀末，“gism”不僅意味着“活力”，還意味着“男子氣概”，導致這個詞被用作“精液”的俚語。但是，這是重要的是，儘管類似的演變也發生在“爵士”這個詞上，它成爲了性行爲的俚語，但這至少要到1918年才發生。也就是說，性的涵義並不是這個詞的起源，而是後來添加的。[劉易斯·波特，“‘爵士’這個詞從哪裏來？” http://wbgo.org，2018年2月26日]

“廢話，不必要的談話或裝飾”的意思來自1918年。俚語 all that jazz “等等”首次記錄於1939年。波特對研究的進一步觀察如下：

"Jazz" seems to have originated among white Americans, and the earliest printed uses are in California baseball writing, where it means "lively, energetic." (The word still carries this meaning, as in "Let’s jazz this up!") The earliest known usage occurs on April 2, 1912, in an article discovered by researcher George A. Thompson, and sent to me courtesy of [Professor Gerald ] Cohen.

... By 1915, jazz was being applied to a new kind of music in Chicago.  It seems to have been first applied to Tom Brown's all-white band, which hailed from New Orleans. This was followed by many printed references to jazz as a musical style.

“爵士”似乎起源於白人美國人，最早的印刷用法出現在加利福尼亞的棒球寫作中，意思是“活潑，精力充沛”。（這個詞仍然保留這個意思，比如“讓我們來點爵士！”）最早的已知用法出現在1912年4月2日的一篇文章中，由研究員喬治·A·湯普森發現，並由[傑拉爾德]·科恩教授提供給我。

... 到了1915年，爵士開始被用來形容芝加哥的一種新音樂。它似乎首先被用來形容湯姆·布朗的全白樂隊，該樂隊來自新奧爾良。隨後出現了許多關於爵士作爲一種音樂風格的印刷引用。

14世纪晚期， poetrie，意为“诗歌，韵文创作；一首诗；古代文学；诗歌作品，寓言或故事”，来自古法语 poetrie（13世纪），可能直接源自中世纪拉丁语 poetria（约650年），源自拉丁语 poeta（参见 poet）。在古典拉丁语中， poetria 意为“女诗人”；“诗歌”是 poetica 或 poetice。

比喻用法始于1660年代。古英语有 metergeweorc “韵文”， metercræft “韵律艺术”。还有 scop-cræft “诗人的艺术”。现代英语在这一词组中缺乏真正的动词形式，尽管 poeticize（1804年）， poetize（1580年代，来自法语 poétiser），和 poetrize（约1600年）已被尝试。拉丁语动词是 poetari “创作诗歌，成为诗人。” Poetry in motion（1826年）可能来自 poetry of motion（1813年）“舞蹈”（也有 poetry of the foot，1660年代）。 Poetry slam始于1993年。

It is only by a miracle that poetry is written at all. It is not recoverable thought, but a hue caught from a vaster receding thought. A poem is one undivided unimpeded expression fallen ripe into literature, and it is undividedly and unimpededly received by those for whom it was matured. [Thoreau, "A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers"]

诗歌的创作无疑是一个奇迹。它不是可恢复的思想，而是从更广阔的退却思想中捕捉到的色调。一首诗是一个完整而不受阻碍的表达，成熟地融入文学，并被那些为其成熟的人不分割地和不受阻碍地接受。[Thoreau, "A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers"]

Poetry — meaning the aggregate of instances from which the idea of poetry is deduced by every new poet — has been increasingly enlarged for many centuries. The instances are numerous, varied and contradictory as instances of love; but just as 'love' is a word of powerful enough magic to make the true lover forget all its baser and falser, usages, so is 'poetry' for the true poet. [Robert Graves, "The White Goddess"]

诗歌——意指每位新诗人从中推导出诗歌概念的实例总和——在许多个世纪里不断扩大。这些实例像爱情的实例一样众多、多样且矛盾；但正如“爱情”是一个足够强大的魔法词，使真正的爱人忘记所有低劣和虚假的用法，诗歌对真正的诗人也是如此。[Robert Graves, "The White Goddess"]

Rien de ce qui ne transporte pas n'est poésie. La lyre est un instrument ailé. ("Nothing which does not transport is poetry. The lyre is a winged instrument.") [#286 from "Pensées of (Joseph) Joubert"]