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juniper 的詞源

juniper(n.)

這是一種北方地區常綠針葉灌木,14世紀晚期稱其爲“< gynypre >”,後來被更改以符合拉丁語,源自拉丁語“< iuniperus >”(是法語“< genevre >”,法語“< genièvre >”,西班牙語“< enebro >”,葡萄牙語“< zimbro >”,意大利語“< ginepro >”,以及中世紀荷蘭語“< genever >”等語言的來源)。該詞起源不確定。

也許它與“< iunco >”(蘆葦)相關,但存在語音上的困難。Watkins 將它歸於原始印歐語系的“< *yoini-paros >”(結草果),來自“< *yoi-ni- >”(結草果),可能源於非印歐語言,再加上“< *-paro >”從而產生了意思(來自原始印歐語系的詞根“< *pere- >”(1),表示“生產,獲得”)。從1748年開始,該詞應用於北美的多種植物。在英文聖經(14世紀晚期),它渲染希伯來文“< rethem >”,這是一種白色花灌木,與歐洲常綠灌木無關,正如拉丁文在拉丁聖經中所描述的一樣。

相關條目

蒸馏饮用酒的类型,1714年,geneva的缩写,受瑞士城市名称的影响(与其无关)而从荷兰语genever“杜松子酒”改造而来,字面意思是“杜松”(因为酒精是用其浆果调味的),来自古法语genevre“杜松植物”(12世纪),来自俗拉丁语*jeniperus,来自拉丁语juniperus“杜松”(参见juniper)。

[I]t was not till about 1724 that the passion for gin-drinking appears to have infected the masses of the population, and it spread with the rapidity and the violence of an epidemic. Small as is the place which this fact occupies in English history, it was probably, if we consider all the consequences that have flowed from it, the most momentous in that of the eighteenth century—incomparably more so than any event in the purely political or military annals of the country. [W.E.H. Lecky, "A History of England in the Eighteenth Century," 1878]
[I]t was not till about 1724 that the passion for gin-drinking appears to have infected the masses of the population, and it spread with the rapidity and the violence of an epidemic. Small as is the place which this fact occupies in English history, it was probably, if we consider all the consequences that have flowed from it, the most momentous in that of the eighteenth century—incomparably more so than any event in the purely political or military annals of the country. [W.E.H. Lecky, "A History of England in the Eighteenth Century," 1878]

Gin and tonic的证据可追溯至1873年;gin-sling可追溯至1790年;gin-fizz(加柠檬汁和汽水)来自1878年。Gin-mill,美国俚语意为“低级酒馆或酒廊,饮用烈酒的地方”(1872年)可能是对gin (n.2)的感官双关。英国的gin-palace“华丽装饰的酒馆或酒廊,饮用烈酒的地方”始于1831年。另见:Old Tom

纸牌游戏gin rummy首次证实于1941年(在那年《生活》杂志中被描述为最新的好莱坞时尚);OED将其列入烈酒的条目,但其意义联系似乎模糊,仅作为对rummy的双关。

*perə- 是 Proto-Indo-European 的一個詞根,意爲“產生,採購”,可以產生各種不同含義的派生詞; 可能與 *pere- (2) “授予,分配”相關。

它形成了以下單詞或其一部分: ante-partum; apparatus; apparel; biparous; disparate; emperor; empire; heifer; imperative; imperator; imperial; juniper; multiparous; nulliparous; oviparous; para- (2),“防禦,保護; 防護物”; Parabellum; parachute; parade; parados; parapet; parasol; pare; parent; -parous; parry; parturient; poor; post-partum; preparation; prepare; primipara; puerperal; rampart; repair (v.1)“修補,重新整理”; repertory; separate; sever; several; spar (v.); viper; vituperation; viviparous

這是一個假設性的來源,證據是:梵語 prthukah “孩子,小牛,幼崽”; 希臘語 poris “小牛,公牛”; 拉丁語 parare “準備,籌備”, parire “生產,產生,生產”,捷克語 spratek “兄弟,頑童,早產的小牛”; 立陶宛語 periu, perėti “孵蛋”; 古高地德語 farro,德語 Farre “小公牛”,古英語 fearr “公牛”。

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    juniper 的趨勢

    根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。

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    翻譯由AI生成。查看原文,請訪問: Etymology, origin and meaning of juniper

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