gin 的詞源
gin(n.1)
蒸馏饮用酒的类型,1714年,geneva的缩写,受瑞士城市名称的影响(与其无关)而从荷兰语genever“杜松子酒”改造而来,字面意思是“杜松”(因为酒精是用其浆果调味的),来自古法语genevre“杜松植物”(12世纪),来自俗拉丁语*jeniperus,来自拉丁语juniperus“杜松”(参见juniper)。
[I]t was not till about 1724 that the passion for gin-drinking appears to have infected the masses of the population, and it spread with the rapidity and the violence of an epidemic. Small as is the place which this fact occupies in English history, it was probably, if we consider all the consequences that have flowed from it, the most momentous in that of the eighteenth century—incomparably more so than any event in the purely political or military annals of the country. [W.E.H. Lecky, "A History of England in the Eighteenth Century," 1878]
[I]t was not till about 1724 that the passion for gin-drinking appears to have infected the masses of the population, and it spread with the rapidity and the violence of an epidemic. Small as is the place which this fact occupies in English history, it was probably, if we consider all the consequences that have flowed from it, the most momentous in that of the eighteenth century—incomparably more so than any event in the purely political or military annals of the country. [W.E.H. Lecky, "A History of England in the Eighteenth Century," 1878]
Gin and tonic的证据可追溯至1873年;gin-sling可追溯至1790年;gin-fizz(加柠檬汁和汽水)来自1878年。Gin-mill,美国俚语意为“低级酒馆或酒廊,饮用烈酒的地方”(1872年)可能是对gin (n.2)的感官双关。英国的gin-palace“华丽装饰的酒馆或酒廊,饮用烈酒的地方”始于1831年。另见:Old Tom。
纸牌游戏gin rummy首次证实于1941年(在那年《生活》杂志中被描述为最新的好莱坞时尚);OED将其列入烈酒的条目,但其意义联系似乎模糊,仅作为对rummy的双关。
gin(n.2)
"分離棉花和種子的機器",1796年,美國英語,早期用於其他機器,尤其是戰爭或酷刑的機器,源自中古英語 gin “巧妙的裝置,發明”(約1200年),來自古法語 gin “機器,裝置,計劃”,縮寫形式爲 engin(見 engine)。這個意義上的動詞記錄於1789年。相關詞彙: Ginned; ginning。中古英語有 ginful “巧妙的,狡猾的; 狡詐的,背叛的”(約1300年)。
gin(v.1)
在俚語短語 gin up "使更加興奮,使更加刺激"中,1887年首次出現(ginning 則可以追溯到1825年),可能是與 gin(名詞2)"引擎"相關的動詞的特殊用法,但也可能或者還可能來自於 to ginger(1797年)的影響,後者是從 ginger 的"香料,活力"意義上演變而來; 具體地,它指的是在1796年版的格羅斯俚語詞典中, feague 的詞條下所描述的治療方法:
... 給馬的肛門塞姜,以前據說還會塞一條活鰻魚,使它精力充沛,尾巴高昂; 據說,任何馬販子的僕人如果在展示馬匹之前不先給它塞姜,就會被罰款。"Feague"在這裏是比喻性地鼓勵或激勵某人。
gin(v.2)
"開始," 約1200年, ginnen, beginnen 的縮寫形式 (參見 begin).
gin 的趨勢
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