kibitzer 的詞源

"看牌遊戲中提供不受歡迎的建議的人"，1915年，源自意第緒語，代詞從 kibitz（見上文）而來。 "Der Kibitzer"是一份意第緒語幽默週刊的名稱，該週刊於1908年至1912年在紐約出版。["紐約市的猶太報刊"，1918年]

LICENSE TO "KIBITZ"

"This license entitles bearer to 'kibitz'; to sit near any table of players; to criticize, knock, boost or do anything that will abuse players.

"If a man makes a wrong play it is up to the 'kibitzer' to correct him, and the 'kibitzer' will be held personally responsible should the player lose, and this license will be forfeited.

"Any licensed 'kibitzer' not abiding by above rules and regulations Will be subject to fine or imprisonment."

[notice said to have been posed on the bulletin board of the club room of the Associated Traveling Salesmen of New York, quoted in The Clothier and Furnisher, March 1915]

"Kibitz"許可證

"此許可證授權持有人'kibitz'，坐在任何玩家桌旁； 批評，抨擊，讚揚或做任何會傷害玩家的事情。

"如果一個人打錯了牌，'kibitzer'有責任糾正他，如果玩家輸了，'kibitzer'將被追究個人責任，此許可證將被取消。

"任何持有許可證的'kibitzer'如果不遵守上述規定，將受到罰款或監禁的處罰。"

[據說在紐約旅行推銷員協會俱樂部房間的公告板上發佈的通知，摘自《服裝和傢俱商人》，1915年3月]