leprechaun 的詞源
leprechaun(n.)
約1600年,源自愛爾蘭語 lupracan,是古愛爾蘭語 luchorpan 的音位倒置,它傳統上被解釋爲“一個非常小的身體”,由 lu “小的,微小的”(源自詞根 *legwh- “輕的,重量小的”)和 corpan 構成,是 corp “身體”的小型形式,源自拉丁語 corpus “身體”(源自詞根 *kwrep- “身體,形式,外觀”)。然而,凱爾特語言學的研究最近發現了不同的解釋,並將這個詞與拉丁語 Lupercalia 聯繫起來:
New research by Simon Rodway, Michael Clarke and Jacopo Bisagni, published in the journal Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies, traces them back to the Roman Luperci. The Luperci were bands of aristocratic youths who ran naked through ancient Rome in the festival of Lupercalia on the 15 February. In the fifth century A.D. St Augustine of Hippo compared the Luperci with the Greek werewolves who were believed to change from men into wolves by swimming through a lake in Arcadia. Two centuries later Irish scholars misunderstood Augustine. They thought he meant that the Luperci were an ancient non-human race. Because they could swim they were supposed to have survived Noah's Flood and taken refuge in Ireland. So in medieval Irish legends the leprechauns or 'little Luperci' still lived under water. The wolf connection was soon forgotten and eventually the 'little Lupercus' became the familiar land-dwelling leprechaun of modern Irish folklore and tourism. [Patrick Sims-Williams, Professor of Celtic Studies in Aberystwyth University, Wales, cited at Languagelog]
西蒙·羅德韋,邁克爾·克拉克和雅各布·比薩尼在《康布里亞中世紀凱爾特研究》雜誌上發表的新研究,將它們追溯到羅馬 Lupercus。 Lupercus 是一羣貴族青年,在2月15日的 Lupercalia 節日裏赤裸奔跑穿過古羅馬。公元5世紀,聖奧古斯丁·希波分別比較了 Lupercus 與希臘狼人。希臘狼人被認爲是通過穿過阿卡迪亞湖由男人變成狼人的人。兩個世紀後,愛爾蘭學者誤解了奧古斯丁。他們認爲他的意思是 Lupercus 是一種古老的非人類種族。因爲他們會游泳,所以他們被認爲在挪亞的洪水中倖存下來,並逃到了愛爾蘭。因此,在中世紀愛爾蘭的傳說中,小矮人或' little Lupercus'仍然生活在水下。狼的聯繫很快被遺忘,最終“小 Lupercus”變成了現代愛爾蘭民間傳說和旅遊業的熟悉的陸地居民綠衣小妖精。[帕特里克·辛姆斯 - 威廉姆斯,威爾士阿伯里斯特威斯大學凱爾特研究教授,引自Languagelog]
在17世紀的英語中通常拼寫爲 lubrican; “Century Dictionary”(1902年)將其列爲 leprechawn。leithbragan 變體可能是愛爾蘭民間詞源,由 leith “半個”和 brog “鞋子”的合成詞構成,因爲這個精靈“被認爲總是忙於製作或修補一隻鞋子”。
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leprechaun 的趨勢
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