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"造成傷害或惡意行爲或效果的,惡意的,罪惡的",來自1670年代的拉丁語 maleficent-, 改編自 maleficus "邪惡的,惡毒的,犯罪的",由 male "不好的"(見 mal-)和 -ficus "製造,做"組成,來自 facere "製造,做"的組合形式(來自 PIE 詞根 *dhe- "放置,放置")。
也來自:1670s
*dhē-,原始印歐詞根,意爲“設定,放置”。
它構成以下詞彙的全部或部分: abdomen; abscond; affair; affect(第一動詞)“在心中留下印象”; affect(第二動詞)“假裝”; affection; amplify; anathema; antithesis; apothecary; artifact; artifice; beatific; benefice; beneficence; beneficial; benefit; bibliothec; bodega; boutique; certify; chafe; chauffeur; comfit; condiment; confection; confetti; counterfeit; deed; deem; deface; defeasance; defeat; defect; deficient; difficulty; dignify; discomfit; do(動詞); doom; -dom; duma; edifice; edify; efface; effect; efficacious; efficient; epithet; facade; face; facet; facial; -facient; facile; facilitate; facsimile; fact; faction(名詞1)“政黨”; -faction; factitious; factitive; factor; factory; factotum; faculty; fashion; feasible; feat; feature; feckless; fetish; -fic; fordo; forfeit; -fy; gratify; hacienda; hypothecate; hypothesis; incondite; indeed; infect; justify; malefactor; malfeasance; manufacture; metathesis; misfeasance; modify; mollify; multifarious; notify; nullify; office; officinal; omnifarious; orifice; parenthesis; perfect; petrify; pluperfect; pontifex; prefect; prima facie; proficient; profit; prosthesis; prothesis; purdah; putrefy; qualify; rarefy; recondite; rectify; refectory; sacrifice; salmagundi; samadhi; satisfy; sconce; suffice; sufficient; surface; surfeit; synthesis; tay; ticking(名詞); theco-; thematic; theme; thesis; verify。
它是以下詞彙的假定來源/其存在的證據爲:梵語 dadhati “放置,安排”; 阿維斯塔語 dadaiti “他放置”; 古波斯語 ada “他製造”; 赫梯語 dai- “放置”; 希臘語 tithenai “放置,設置,安置”; 拉丁語 facere “做,幹; 執行; 帶來”; 立陶宛語 dėti “放置”; 波蘭語 dziać się “正在發生”; 俄語 delat' “做”; 古高地德語 tuon,德語 tun,古英語 don “做”。
拉丁語詞綴,意爲“壞的,不好的,糟糕的,錯誤的,錯誤地”,源自法語 mal(副詞),來自古法語 mal(形容詞,副詞)“邪惡的,不好的,錯誤的”,(9世紀),源自拉丁語 male(副詞)“糟糕地”,或 malus(形容詞)“壞的,邪惡的”(女性形式 mala,中性形式 malum),源自原意語 *malo-,源自 PIE *mol-o-,可能源自 PIE 詞根 *mel-(3)“虛假的,壞的,錯誤的”。
大多數帶有這個詞綴的現代英語單詞都是19世紀的新造詞。它通常意味着不完美或有缺陷,但通常只是消極的(如 malfeasance, malcontent)。它相當於希臘語起源的 dys- 和 caco- 以及日耳曼語的 mis-(1)。
翻譯由AI生成。查看原文,請訪問: Etymology, origin and meaning of maleficent