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malfeasance 的詞源

malfeasance(n.)

"不當行爲,做不應該做的事情",特別是"官方不當行爲,違反公共信任或義務",1690年代,來自法語 malfaisance "不當行爲",來自 malfaisant,來自 mal- "壞的"(見 mal-) + faisant, faire 的現在分詞,來自拉丁語 facere "做"(來自 PIE 詞根 *dhe- "設置,放置")。

[S]pecifically, the doing of an act which is positively unlawful or wrongful, in contradistinction to misfeasance, or the doing of a lawful act in a wrongful manner. The term is often inappropriately used instead of misfeasance. [Century Dictionary]
【世紀詞典】[S]具體而言,是指積極違法或不當的行爲,與 misfeasance 相對,或者是以不當的方式執行合法行爲。該術語經常不適當地代替 misfeasance 使用。

  Malfeasor "違法者"可追溯到14世紀早期。相關詞: Malfeasant。

相關條目

*dhē-,原始印歐詞根,意爲“設定,放置”。

它構成以下詞彙的全部或部分: abdomen; abscond; affair; affect(第一動詞)“在心中留下印象”; affect(第二動詞)“假裝”; affection; amplify; anathema; antithesis; apothecary; artifact; artifice; beatific; benefice; beneficence; beneficial; benefit; bibliothec; bodega; boutique; certify; chafe; chauffeur; comfit; condiment; confection; confetti; counterfeit; deed; deem; deface; defeasance; defeat; defect; deficient; difficulty; dignify; discomfit; do(動詞); doom; -dom; duma; edifice; edify; efface; effect; efficacious; efficient; epithet; facade; face; facet; facial; -facient; facile; facilitate; facsimile; fact; faction(名詞1)“政黨”; -faction; factitious; factitive; factor; factory; factotum; faculty; fashion; feasible; feat; feature; feckless; fetish; -fic; fordo; forfeit; -fy; gratify; hacienda; hypothecate; hypothesis; incondite; indeed; infect; justify; malefactor; malfeasance; manufacture; metathesis; misfeasance; modify; mollify; multifarious; notify; nullify; office; officinal; omnifarious; orifice; parenthesis; perfect; petrify; pluperfect; pontifex; prefect; prima facie; proficient; profit; prosthesis; prothesis; purdah; putrefy; qualify; rarefy; recondite; rectify; refectory; sacrifice; salmagundi; samadhi; satisfy; sconce; suffice; sufficient; surface; surfeit; synthesis; tay; ticking(名詞); theco-; thematic; theme; thesis; verify。

它是以下詞彙的假定來源/其存在的證據爲:梵語 dadhati “放置,安排”; 阿維斯塔語 dadaiti “他放置”; 古波斯語 ada “他製造”; 赫梯語 dai- “放置”; 希臘語 tithenai “放置,設置,安置”; 拉丁語 facere “做,幹; 執行; 帶來”; 立陶宛語 dėti “放置”; 波蘭語 dziać się “正在發生”; 俄語 delat' “做”; 古高地德語 tuon,德語 tun,古英語 don “做”。

拉丁語詞綴,意爲“壞的,不好的,糟糕的,錯誤的,錯誤地”,源自法語 mal(副詞),來自古法語 mal(形容詞,副詞)“邪惡的,不好的,錯誤的”,(9世紀),源自拉丁語 male(副詞)“糟糕地”,或 malus(形容詞)“壞的,邪惡的”(女性形式 mala,中性形式 malum),源自原意語 *malo-,源自 PIE *mol-o-,可能源自 PIE 詞根 *mel-(3)“虛假的,壞的,錯誤的”。

大多數帶有這個詞綴的現代英語單詞都是19世紀的新造詞。它通常意味着不完美或有缺陷,但通常只是消極的(如 malfeasance, malcontent)。它相當於希臘語起源的 dys- 和 caco- 以及日耳曼語的 mis-(1)。

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    翻譯由AI生成。查看原文,請訪問: Etymology, origin and meaning of malfeasance

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