manslaughter 的詞源
manslaughter(n.)
14世紀初,“殺害另一個人類的行爲、罪行或罪惡”,無論是在戰鬥中還是不在戰鬥中,來自 man(n.)+ slaughter(n.)。它逐漸取代了早期的 manslaught,來自古英語 manslæht(安格利亞語), manslieht(西撒克遜語),來自 slæht, slieht “殺戮行爲”(見 slay(v.))。中古英語還有 man-quelling “謀殺,殺人”(14世紀晚期),以及 slaughter-man(14世紀晚期),“行刑者; 屠夫”。
從詞源上講,它與拉丁語 homicide 相似,但在法律用途中通常與 murder 區分開來,並限於“簡單的殺人,非法殺害他人,無論是明示還是暗示都沒有惡意”。
Manslaughter differs from murder in not proceeding from malice prepense or deliberate, which is essential to constitute murder. It differs from excusable homicide, being done in consequence of some unlawful act, whereas excusable homicide happens in consequence of misadventure. Manslaughter has been distinguished as voluntary, where the killing was intentional in a sudden heat or passion without previous malice; and involuntary, where it was not intentional, but the slayer was at the time engaged in an unlawful act less than a felony, or doing a lawful act in an unlawful manner. [Century Dictionary]
殺人罪與謀殺罪不同,因爲它不是出於預謀或故意,這是構成謀殺罪的必要條件。它與可原諒的殺人罪不同,因爲可原諒的殺人罪是由於意外事件而發生的。殺人罪已被區分爲 voluntary,即在突然的熱情或激情中故意殺人,沒有先前的惡意; 和 involuntary,即不是故意的,但殺人者當時從事的是低於重罪的非法行爲,或者是以非法方式從事合法行爲。[世紀詞典]
manslaughter 的趨勢
根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。
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manslaughter 附近的字典條目