古英語 hyll “山丘”，源自原始日耳曼語 *hulni-（也是中古荷蘭語 hille，低地德語 hull “山丘”，古諾爾斯語 hallr “石頭”，哥特語 hallus “岩石”，古諾爾斯語 holmr “海灣中的小島”，古英語 holm “上升的土地，島嶼”），源自 PIE 詞根 *kel-（2）“突出； 山丘”。曾經包括山脈。
In Great Britain heights under 2,000 feet are generally called hills; 'mountain' being confined to the greater elevations of the Lake District, of North Wales, and of the Scottish Highlands; but, in India, ranges of 5,000 and even 10,000 feet are commonly called 'hills,' in contrast with the Himalaya Mountains, many peaks of which rise beyond 20,000 feet. [OED]
在英國，高度低於2,000英尺的地方通常被稱爲山丘； “山”一詞僅限於湖區，北威爾士和蘇格蘭高地的更高海拔地區； 但在印度，高達5,000甚至10,000英尺的山脈通常被稱爲“山丘”，與喜馬拉雅山形成對比，後者的許多峯頂高出20,000英尺。[OED]
The term mountain is very loosely used. It commonly means any unusual elevation. In New England and central New York, elevations of from one to two thousand feet are called hills, but on the plains of Texas, a hill of a few hundred feet is called a mountain. [Ralph S. Tarr, "Elementary Geology," Macmillan, 1903]
術語 mountain 的使用非常寬泛。它通常意味着任何不尋常的高度。在新英格蘭和紐約中部，高度在一到兩千英尺之間的地方被稱爲山丘，但在德克薩斯州的平原上，幾百英尺高的山丘被稱爲山。[拉爾夫·S·塔爾，“初級地質學”，麥克米倫，1903]
Despite the differences in defining mountain systems, Penck (1896), Supan (1911) and Obst (1914) agreed that the distinction between hills, mountains, and mountain systems according to areal extent or height is not a suitable classification. ["Geographic Information Science and Mountain Geomorphology," 2004]
儘管定義山脈的差異很大，但 Penck（1896年），Supan（1911年）和 Obst（1914年）都認爲，根據面積或高度區分山丘、山脈和山脈系統並不是一個合適的分類。[“地理信息科學和山地地貌學”，2004]
比喻短語 over the hill “過了巔峯”記錄於1950年。表達式 old as the hills 記錄於1819年，可能是在模仿約伯書15.7。早期形式 old as the hills and the valleys 可追溯到1808年：
And this is no "new morality." It is morality as old as the hills and the valleys. It is a morality which must be adopted; or, we must confess that there are certain political evils greater than that of seeing one's country conquered. [Cobbett's Weekly Political Register, Feb. 6, 1808]
這並不是“新道德”。這是一種和山丘和山谷一樣古老的道德。這是一種必須採用的道德； 否則，我們必須承認，有些政治上的惡行比看到自己的國家被征服更大。[科貝特的每週政治註冊，1808年2月6日]
科貝特在1818年4月11日也有：
However, thus it always is: "those whom God intends to destroy, he first makes foolish," which is a saying as old as the hills between Everly and Marlborough.
然而，事情總是這樣的：“上帝要毀滅誰，就先讓他變傻”，這是一個在 Everly 和 Marlborough 之間古老如山的說法。
