penury 的詞源

1590年代，“貧困的，貧困的”，這個現在已經過時的意義，來自 penury + -ous，或者來自中世紀拉丁語 penuriosus，源自拉丁語 penuria “貧困”。1630年代證實了“吝嗇的，過度節約或節省使用金錢”的含義。相關： Penuriously; penuriousness。

Penurious means literally in penury, but always feeling and acting as though one were in poverty, saving beyond reason; the word is rather stronger than parsimonious, and has perhaps rather more reference to the treatment of others. One may be parsimonious or penurious, through habits formed in times of having little, without being really miserly. [Century Dictionary]

Penurious 的字面意思是貧困，但總是感覺和行動就像自己處於貧困之中，過度節約； 這個詞比 parsimonious 更強烈，也許更多地涉及對他人的待遇。一個人可能會因爲在貧困時期養成的習慣而變得 parsimonious 或 penurious，而不是真正的 miserly。[世紀詞典]