約在1400年,“宣誓,承諾,莊嚴聲明”,源自古法語 protest,來自 protester,源自拉丁語 protestari “公開宣佈,作證,抗議”,由 pro- “向前,前面”(源自 PIE 詞根 *per-(1)“向前”,因此是“在前面,在前面”)和 testari “作證”組成,由 testis “證人”(見 testament)。
“反對聲明”的意思記錄於1751年。到19世紀末,這主要侷限於“針對某些行爲或行動的莊嚴或正式聲明”。
“表達對主流社會,政治或文化習俗的不滿或拒絕”的形容詞意義是在1942年,指美國民權運動(在 protest march 中); protest rally 從1960年開始。 Protest vote,“投票以表達對候選人或當前制度的不滿”,始於1905年(指社會黨候選人)。
Because they now fully understood the power of the picket line, they were ready and anxious to march on Washington when A. Philip Randolph, president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, advanced the idea in January 1941 of organizing a Negro protest march on Washington, because Government officials from the President down to minor bureau chiefs, had persistently evaded the issue of combating discrimination in defense industries as well as the Government itself. As the time for the event drew nearer some of the heads of the Government became alarmed; Randolph reported that a ranking New Dealer had told him many Government officials were asking, "What will they think in Berlin?" [Statement of Edgar G. Brown, Revenue Revision of 1942 hearings, 77th Congress, 2nd session]
因爲他們現在充分了解了抗議隊伍的力量,所以當睡車門房兄弟會主席 A·菲利普·蘭多夫在1941年1月提出組織一次黑人抗議遊行時,他們已經準備好並渴望前往華盛頓,因爲從總統到次要局長的政府官員一直迴避了打擊國防工業以及政府本身中的歧視問題。隨着活動時間的臨近,一些政府負責人變得擔憂; 蘭多夫報告說,一位高級新政派官員告訴他,許多政府官員都在問,“他們會在柏林怎麼想?”[埃德加·G·布朗(Edgar G. Brown)的聲明,1942年稅收修訂聽證會,第77屆國會,第2屆會議]