survivor 的詞源

约1500年，在法律语言中，“一个比另一个活得更久的者”，来自拉丁语形式的行为名词 survive。

在一般用法中，“在另一个或其他人死亡后剩下的或活着的任何东西。” 意思“有能力克服逆境的人”自1971年起被证实。相关词： Survivorship。

Survivor syndrome作为一些经历过他人死亡的创伤事件后仍然生存者感到内疚的名称，记录于1968年。这个概念稍早。

[I]t may have been wrong to say that after Auschwitz you could no longer write poems. But it is not wrong to raise the less cultural question whether after Auschwitz you can go on living—especially whether one who escaped by accident, one who by rights should have been killed, may go on living. His mere survival calls for the coldness, the basic principle of bourgeois subjectivity, without which there could have been no Auschwitz; this is the drastic guilt of him who was spared. By way of atonement he will be plagued by dreams such as that he is no longer living at all. [Theodor Adorno, "Negative Dialectics," 1966]

可能说在奥斯维辛之后你再也无法写诗是错误的。但提出在奥斯维辛之后你是否还能继续生活的较少文化的问题并不是错误的——特别是对于一个意外逃脱的人，一个理应被杀的人是否还能继续生活。他的单纯生存要求冷漠，资产阶级主体性的基本原则，没有这个原则就不可能有奥斯维辛；这就是被饶恕者的严酷内疚。作为赎罪，他将被梦魇困扰，比如他根本不再活着。[西奥多·阿多诺，《消极辩证法》，1966年]