斑疹傷寒,一種急性傳染性發熱病,通常伴隨虛弱、譫妄和小紅斑點,起源於1785年的醫學拉丁語,源自希臘語 typhos “由發熱引起的昏迷”,字面意思是“煙”,來自 typhein “冒煙”,與 typhos “盲”, typhon “旋風”有關,源自 PIE *dheubh-, 可能是 PIE 根 *dheu-(1)“灰塵、蒸汽、煙霧”的擴展形式。
The Greek term [typhos] (smoke, mist, fog) was employed by Hippocrates to define a confused state of the intellect, with a tendency to stupor (stupor attonitus); and in this sense it is aptly applied to typhus fever with its slow cerebration and drowsy stupor. Boissier de Sauvages first (in 1760) called this fever "typhus," and the name was adopted by Cullen of Edinburgh in 1769. Previous to the time of de Sauvages typhus was known as "Pestilential" or "Putrid Fever," or by some name suggested by the eruption, or expressive of the locality in which it appeared, as "Camp," "Jail," "Hospital," or "Ship Fever" (Murchison). [Thomas Clifford, ed., "A System of Medicine," New York, 1897]
希波克拉底用希臘語詞彙[typhos] (smoke, mist, fog) 來定義智力混亂的狀態,伴隨昏迷的傾向 (stupor attonitus); 在這個意義上,它適用於斑疹傷寒,因爲它具有緩慢的腦功能和昏昏欲睡的昏迷狀態。Boissier de Sauvages 在1760年首次將這種熱稱爲“斑疹傷寒”,這個名字被愛丁堡的卡倫在1769年採用。在 de Sauvages 之前,斑疹傷寒被稱爲“瘟疫性”或“腐敗性發熱”,或者根據爆發的皮疹或表達出現地點的名稱,如“營地”、“監獄”、“醫院”或“船舶熱”(默奇森)。[托馬斯·克利福德(Thomas Clifford),編輯,《醫學體系》,紐約,1897年]
相關詞彙: typhous(形容詞)。