廣告

typhoon 的詞源

typhoon(n.)

Tiphon “猛烈的暴风雨,旋风,龙卷风”,1550年代,来自希腊语 typhōn “旋风”,被人格化为一个巨人,风之父,这个名字可能 [Beekes] 来自或与 typhein “冒烟”有关(参见 typhus)。根据 Watkins 的说法,来自原始印欧语 *dheub- “深的,空心的”,通过“深渊中的怪物”的概念。这个神名在中英语中出现在 Wycliffe 的 wynd Tiffonyk(约 1384年,通过拉丁语 typhonicus)。

“气旋,印度或中国海的猛烈飓风”的意义在 1588 年由 Thomas Hickock 翻译的意大利语东印度航行记中得到证明,原作者为威尼斯商人 Caesar Frederick:

concerning which Touffon ye are to vnderstand, that in the East Indies often times, there are not stormes as in other countreys; but euery 10. or 12. yeeres there are such tempests and stormes, that it is a thing incredible, but to those that haue seene it, neither do they know certainly what yeere they wil come. ["The voyage and trauell of M. Caesar Fredericke, Marchant of Venice, into the East India, and beyond the Indies"]

这种对东印度巨型风暴的称呼,最早在欧洲以葡萄牙语出现于16世纪中期。它显然来自阿拉伯语、波斯语和印地语中的 tufan,意为“巨大旋风暴”。Yule [“Hobson-Jobson,” London, 1903] 写道,“可能是 Vasco [da Gama] 和他的追随者直接从阿拉伯海员那里得到了 tufao ...”。

阿拉伯词有时被认为来自希腊语 typhon,但其他来源认为它纯粹是闪米特语的,尽管希腊词可能影响了英语中词的形式。 Al-tufan 在可兰经中多次出现,意为“洪水或暴风雨”,也指诺亚的洪水。中文(粤语) tai fung “大风”也可能影响了英语中词的形式或意义,这个术语和印度的术语可能有相互影响; toofan 在印度仍然意味着“巨大风暴”。

From the thighs downward he was nothing but coiled serpents, and his arms which, when he spread them out, reached a hundred leagues in either direction, had countless serpents' heads instead of hands. His brutish ass-head touched the stars, his vast wings darkened the sun, fire flashed from his eyes, and flaming rocks hurtled from his mouth. [Robert Graves, "Typhon," in "The Greek Myths"]

相關條目

斑疹傷寒,一種急性傳染性發熱病,通常伴隨虛弱、譫妄和小紅斑點,起源於1785年的醫學拉丁語,源自希臘語 typhos “由發熱引起的昏迷”,字面意思是“煙”,來自 typhein “冒煙”,與 typhos “盲”, typhon “旋風”有關,源自 PIE *dheubh-, 可能是 PIE 根 *dheu-(1)“灰塵、蒸汽、煙霧”的擴展形式。

The Greek term [typhos] (smoke, mist, fog) was employed by Hippocrates to define a confused state of the intellect, with a tendency to stupor (stupor attonitus); and in this sense it is aptly applied to typhus fever with its slow cerebration and drowsy stupor. Boissier de Sauvages first (in 1760) called this fever "typhus," and the name was adopted by Cullen of Edinburgh in 1769. Previous to the time of de Sauvages typhus was known as "Pestilential" or "Putrid Fever," or by some name suggested by the eruption, or expressive of the locality in which it appeared, as "Camp," "Jail," "Hospital," or "Ship Fever" (Murchison). [Thomas Clifford, ed., "A System of Medicine," New York, 1897]
希波克拉底用希臘語詞彙[typhos] (smoke, mist, fog) 來定義智力混亂的狀態,伴隨昏迷的傾向 (stupor attonitus); 在這個意義上,它適用於斑疹傷寒,因爲它具有緩慢的腦功能和昏昏欲睡的昏迷狀態。Boissier de Sauvages 在1760年首次將這種熱稱爲“斑疹傷寒”,這個名字被愛丁堡的卡倫在1769年採用。在 de Sauvages 之前,斑疹傷寒被稱爲“瘟疫性”或“腐敗性發熱”,或者根據爆發的皮疹或表達出現地點的名稱,如“營地”、“監獄”、“醫院”或“船舶熱”(默奇森)。[托馬斯·克利福德(Thomas Clifford),編輯,《醫學體系》,紐約,1897年]

相關詞彙: typhous(形容詞)。

在希臘神話中,這位巨人被稱為Typhon,來自希臘語Typhōs(參見typhoon),被譽為風之父。這個詞在16世紀的英語中有時也用來指「旋風」。

原始印歐語根,意爲“灰塵、蒸汽、煙霧”。

它構成或部分構成以下單詞: enthymeme; fewmet; fume; fumigation; funk; perfume; sfumato; typhoid; typhoon; typhus

它是假設的來源,其存在的證據由以下單詞提供:梵語 dhuma- “煙霧、煙氣”; 希臘語 thymos “精神、勇氣、憤怒”、thymiao “燻蒸”、thymin “香”; 拉丁語 fumus “煙、蒸汽、煙霧”; 立陶宛語 dūmai “煙霧”(複數); 古普魯士語 dumis “煙霧”; 古教會斯拉夫語 dymu “煙霧”; 中古愛爾蘭語 dumacha “霧”; 也許是古高地德語 toum “蒸汽、煙霧”。

    廣告

    typhoon 的趨勢

    根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。

    分享「typhoon

    翻譯由AI生成。查看原文,請訪問: Etymology, origin and meaning of typhoon

    廣告
    熱門詞彙
    廣告