criticism 的詞源
criticism(n.)
大約1600年,“批評行爲,品質、性格或品質的討論; 批評性的評論或論文”,來自 critic + -ism。特別是“評估文學或藝術價值”的意思,指“判斷和定義事物的品質或價值的藝術”,始於1670年代。指“對文本的歷史和真實性進行調查”(higher criticism 中的意義)始於1660年代。
In the first place, I must take leave to tell them that they wholly mistake the Nature of Criticism who think its business is principally to find fault. Criticism, as it was first instituted by Aristotle, was meant a Standard of judging well. The chiefest part of which is, to observe those Excellencies which should delight a reasonable Reader. [Dryden, preface to "State of Innocence," 1677]
首先,我必須告訴他們,他們完全誤解了批評的本質,認爲其主要業務是找錯。批評,正如亞里士多德最初設立的那樣,是指判斷良好的標準。其中最重要的部分是觀察那些應該讓合理的讀者感到高興的卓越之處。[德萊頓,《無罪狀態》前言,1677年]
criticism 的趨勢
根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。
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