1680年代，拉丁語，“按家族，按家族； ”在法律用途中，用於繼承等，與 per capita 相對。參見 per- + stirpes。
[A]pplied to succession when divided so as to give the representatives belonging to one branch the share only that their head or ancestor would have taken had he survived. Thus, in a gift to A and the children of B, if they are to take per capita, each child will have a share equal to that of A; but if they are to take per stirpes, A will take one half and the other half will be divided among the children of B. [Century Dictionary]
“當繼承被分開以便只給予屬於一個分支的代表人物他們的頭或祖先如果他還活着將會得到的份額時，就會應用這個術語。因此，在贈與 A 和 B 的孩子的禮物中，如果他們要 per capita，每個孩子將獲得與 A 相等的份額； 但如果他們要 per stirpes，A 將獲得一半，另一半將分配給 B 的孩子。”[世紀詞典]
