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reliability 的詞源

reliability(n.)

"可靠的狀態或品質",1816年,柯勒律治創造,由 reliable-ity 組成。在統計學中,自1910年起。

[Coleridge] evades the only charge brought against [Southey], by repelling one not brought against him, except by his Antijacobin patrons—and answers for his friend, as if he was playing at cross-purposes. Some people say, that Mr Southey has deserted the cause of liberty : Mr Coleridge tells us, that he has not separated from his wife. They say, that he has changed his opinions : Mr Coleridge says, that he keeps his appointments ; and has even invented a new word, reliability, to express his exemplariness in this particular. [from a review of "Biographia Literaria" in Edinburgh Review, August 1817]
“(柯勒律治)迴避了(南錫)唯一的指控,卻反駁了一個除了他的反雅各賓贊助人以外沒有人提出的指控,並且像在玩猜謎遊戲一樣爲他的朋友辯護。有些人說南錫先生背叛了自由的事業:柯勒律治先生告訴我們,他沒有和他的妻子分開。他們說他改變了自己的觀點:柯勒律治先生說,他按時赴約; 甚至發明了一個新詞 reliability,來表達他在這方面的典範。”(引自1817年8月《愛丁堡評論》對《文學傳記》的評論)

相關條目

1560年代, raliabill,“可信賴的,值得依賴的”,最初源自蘇格蘭; 參見 rely + -able。在1850年之前並不常見,之後在英國經常被譴責爲美國用語,因爲它涉及到 -ableprovable 等中使用不同於其在古典拉丁語中的用法,且沒有得到保證。但是,它在 availablelaughablelivabledependableindispensable 等詞綴的意義上被辭典(如 OED、Century Dictionary 等)辯護。相關詞彙: Reliably; reliableness。作爲名詞,“可靠的人、動物或物品”,最早見於1890年(帶有 old)。

Reliable expresses what cannot be expressed by any other one word. Moreover, it conveys an idea of constant occurrence. He who would be exact has, indeed, no alternative, if he avoids it except a periphrasis. [Fitzedward Hall, "On English Adjectives in -Able," 1877] 
Reliable 表達了其他任何一個詞都無法表達的意思。此外,它傳達了一個持續發生的想法。確切的人沒有選擇,如果他避免它,除了使用迂迴的說法之外。[菲茨愛德華·霍爾,“論以-able 結尾的英語形容詞”,1877年] 

這個詞綴用於從形容詞中構成抽象名詞,表示“成爲______的狀態或品質”,源自中古英語的 -ite,來自古法語的 -ete(現代法語爲 -ité),直接源自拉丁語的 -itatem(主格爲 -itas),表示狀態或品質的後綴,由 -i-(來自詞幹或連接詞)和常見的抽象後綴 -tas 組成(參見 -ty(2))。

Roughly, the word in -ity usually means the quality of being what the adjective describes, or concretely an instance of the quality, or collectively all the instances; & the word in -ism means the disposition, or collectively all those who feel it. [Fowler]
大致上,以 -ity 結尾的詞通常表示形容詞所描述的品質,或具體的品質實例,或所有實例的集合; 以 -ism 結尾的詞表示傾向或所有感受到這種傾向的人的集合。[福勒]
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    reliability 的趨勢

    根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。

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    翻譯由AI生成。查看原文,請訪問: Etymology, origin and meaning of reliability

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