lame duck 的詞源
lame duck(n.)
1761年,“任何殘疾人或物”; 特別是股票交易行話中的“違約者”。
A lame duck is a man who cannot pay his differences, and is said to waddle off. [Thomas Love Peacock, "Gryll Grange," 1861]
瘸鴨是指一個無法支付差額的人,據說會搖搖晃晃地走開。[托馬斯·洛夫·皮科克,《格里爾·格蘭奇》,1861年]
有時也用於海軍中,指“一艘老舊、緩慢的船”。現代意義上的“公職人員在選舉後任期內任職”的含義可追溯至1863年的美國英語。被歸功於林肯總統的引用(“[一位]無事可做的參議員或代表是一種瘸鴨。他必須得到提供。”)來自於1878年的軼事。
It is well known to everybody who knows anything of its history, that this court [Court of Claims] was made a sort of retreat for lame duck politicians that got wounded and had to retreat before the face of popular condemnation. That is just exactly what it was for, a safe retreat for lame ducks; and it was so filled up; (etc.) [Sen. John P. Hale, New Hampshire, Congressional Globe, Jan. 12, 1863, p.271]
衆所周知,凡是瞭解它的歷史的人都知道,這個法院[索賠法庭]是爲了那些受傷而不得不在大衆譴責面前撤退的瘸鴨政治家而設立的。這正是它的用途,爲瘸鴨提供一個安全的避難所; 它就是這樣填滿的; (等等)[新罕布什爾州參議員約翰·P·黑爾,國會環球報,1863年1月12日,第271頁]
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lame duck 的趨勢
根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。
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