racism 的詞源

1928年開始普遍使用，1935年起源於歐洲背景，“種族至上主義作爲一種信條，即人類的特徵和能力是由種族決定的理論”； 參見 racist，並比較 race（n.2）和 racialism 中的各種意義。從1930年代末開始應用於美國社會體系。

This meaning of Nationalism in no sense implies any consent to the doctrine of Racism, which holds that unity of racial origin is the main principle of unity for civil society and that the members of each ethnical branch should properly aim at grouping themselves together into so many national States. Although it is desirable that strongly-felt national aspirations, which often depend on community of race, should be satisfied, as far as this may be compatible with justice, Racism or the Principle of Racial Self determination, as it has been called in recent years is a materialistic illusion contrary to natural law and destructive of civilisation. [James Strachey Barnes, "The Universal Aspects of Fascism," London, 1928]

國家主義的這種意義並不意味着對 Racism 的信條表示同意，後者認爲種族起源的統一是民事社會的主要原則，每個族羣的成員應該適當地將自己分組成爲許多民族國家。雖然強烈的民族願望（這些願望通常取決於種族共同體）得到滿足是可取的，只要這與正義相容，但 Racism 或種族自決原則，正如近年來所稱的那樣，是一種違反自然法則的唯物主義幻想，破壞文明。[詹姆斯·斯特拉奇·巴恩斯，《法西斯主義的普遍方面》，倫敦，1928年]