thee 的詞源
thee(pron.)
中古英语 the,来自古英语 þe(þu “你”的宾格和与格单数形式),源自原始日耳曼语 *theke(古弗里西亚语 thi,中古荷兰语 di,古高地德语 dih,德语 dich,古诺尔斯语 þik,挪威语 deg,哥特语 þuk 的来源),来自原始印欧语 *tege-,宾格词根 *tu-,第二人称单数代词(参见 thou)。
在中古英语中,复数形式(参见 you)开始在所有情况下使用,最初是对上级(父母、国王、胜利者、上帝、基督、圣母)的尊敬标志,也用于上帝的直接称呼;后来作为对社会平等者(配偶、爱人)的礼貌。
到17世纪,单数形式已代表熟悉和缺乏地位,除了在方言中外,几乎不再使用。兰开夏郡罗斯代尔森林以北和约克郡曾以使用单数第二人称代词 tha(主格)和 thee(宾格)而闻名。
贵格会徒也因宗教原因(基督教平等)保留了这些熟悉形式,但也被认为是语法上正确的。因此,动词 thee “对某人使用代词‘thee’”,在1662年与贵格会主义相关联。
Thou and Thee was a sore cut to proud flesh and them that sought self-honour, who, though they would say it to God and Christ, could not endure to have it said to themselves. So that we were often beaten and abused, and sometimes in danger of our lives, for using those words to some proud men, who would say, "What! you ill-bred clown, do you Thou me?" as though Christian breeding consisted in saying You to one; which is contrary to all their grammar and teaching books, by which they instructed their youth. [George Fox's journal, 1661]
你和你对骄傲的肉体和那些追求自我荣誉的人来说是一个痛苦的切割,他们虽然愿意对上帝和基督说,却无法忍受对自己说。因此,我们常常因对一些骄傲的人使用这些词而被打和虐待,有时甚至危及生命,他们会说:“什么!你这个没教养的乡巴佬,你敢对我说你?”仿佛基督教的教养在于对一个人说你;这与他们所有的语法和教导书相悖,他们用这些书教导他们的年轻人。[乔治·福克斯的日记,1661年]
While the Quakers originally adopted "thee" and "thou" on account of their grammatical correctness, they soon fell into the careless habit of using "thee," the objective, instead of "thou," the nominative. Common illustrations are: "How does thee do?" or "Will thee," etc. [George Fox Tucker, "A Quaker Home," Boston, 1891]
虽然贵格会徒最初因其语法正确性采用“thee”和“thou”,但他们很快就养成了使用“thee”,宾格,而不是“thou”,主格的马虎习惯。常见的例子是:“How does thee do?”或“Will thee”,等等。[乔治·福克斯·塔克,《贵格会的家》,波士顿,1891年]
比较法语 tutoyer “视为亲密,熟悉地称呼”,来自单数代词 to,toi,te,用于代替复数 vous。
相關條目
thee 的趨勢
根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。
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