client 的詞源
client(n.)
14世紀晚期,“依靠他人庇護生活的人”,源自盎格魯-法語 clyent(約1300年),源自拉丁語 clientem(主格 cliens)“追隨者,隨從”(與 clinare “傾斜,彎曲”有關),源自 PIE *klient-,是 *klei- “傾斜”的被動分詞形式。顯然,這個概念是“依靠他人保護的人”。在古羅馬,平民在貴族的監護和保護下(在這種關係中,貴族被稱爲 patronus; 參見 patron),是貴族的客戶。
“律師的客戶”這個意思可以追溯到約1400年,到了約1600年,這個詞被擴展到任何把特定利益放在另一個人的照顧和管理上的客戶。相關詞: Cliency。
The relation of client and patron between a plebeian and a patrician, although at first strictly voluntary, was hereditary, the former bearing the family name of the latter, and performing various services for him and his family both in peace and war, in return for advice and support in respect to private rights and interests. Foreigners in Rome, and even allied or subject states and cities, were often clients of Roman patricians selected by them as patrons. The number of a patrician's clients, as of a baron's vassals in the middle ages, was a gage his greatness. [Century Dictionary]
在平民和貴族之間的客戶和保護人的關係,雖然起初是自願的,但是是世襲的,前者使用後者的家族名稱,在和平和戰爭中爲他及其家族提供各種服務,以換取在私人權利和利益方面的建議和支持。在羅馬的外國人,甚至是盟友或附屬的國家和城市,經常是羅馬貴族的客戶,由他們選定爲保護人。貴族的客戶數量,就像中世紀男爵的封臣一樣,是衡量他的偉大的標誌。[世紀詞典]
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client 的趨勢
根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。
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