snake oil 的詞源
snake oil(n.)
“虚假的疗法,江湖医生的补救措施,”1927年,美式英语,源于从蛇脂(尤其是响尾蛇)提取的油作为美国农村地区民间疗法的使用。1858年证实了这种意义上的 Snake oil:据说它能治疗乔治亚州的风湿病和痛风,但在宾夕法尼亚州农村被吹捧为治聋的良药。
专业药学期刊在20世纪初开始谴责它,不是因为它是江湖疗法,而是因为以此名称出售的产品中没有真正的蛇油。
What is known as snake oil is usually a combination which is handed out by the dealer to satisfy the demand of some credulous customer. A genuine oil of course is that which is obtained by "trying out" the fat of a snake, usually the rattlesnake, and to preserve their faces druggists sometimes employ a small proportion of such oil in preparing the weird mixtures dispensed by them. [The Practical Druggist, July 1912]
所谓蛇油,通常是由商人提供的组合,以满足一些轻信顾客的需求。当然,真正的油是通过“尝试”蛇的脂肪获得的,通常是响尾蛇,为了保留它们的面貌,药剂师有时在准备他们分发的奇怪混合物时使用少量这样的油。[The Practical Druggist, July 1912]
对蛇的治疗能力的信仰是古老的。比较中古英语 triacle, tiriacle,“作为抗蛇咬剂的蛇肉”,变体 theriac “解毒剂”,来自希腊语 thēriakē,阴性和中性形式 thēriakos “与野兽或有毒爬行动物有关”,来自 thērion, thēr 的 diminutive “野兽,捕食性动物”(来自原始印欧语根 *ghwer- “野兽”)。过去认为毒蛇的肉是其必要成分。另见 adder。
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snake oil 的趨勢
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