廣告

them 的詞源

them(pron.)

第三人稱複數代詞,出現於12世紀晚期,形式有 themtheim,源自古諾爾斯語 þeim,是複數人稱和指示代詞 þeir 的與格形式(詳見 they)。這個詞取代了古英語的對應詞 himheom;具體解釋可以參見 they。自1742年起,這個代詞也被用來指代性別不明的單一個體。

相關條目

第三人称复数主格代词,“所提及或最后提及的人或事物”,约公元1200年,来自斯堪的纳维亚语(古诺尔斯语 þeir,古丹麦语 þerþair),最初为阳性复数指示代词。到公元1400年左右,它已取代中英语 hehei,来自古英语 hihie,为 heheo “她”,hit “它”的复数形式。

The most important importation of this kind [from Scandinavian to English] was that of the pronomial forms they, them and their, which entered readily into the system of English pronouns beginning with the same sound ( the, that, this) and were felt to be more distinct than the old native forms which they supplanted. Indeed these were liable to constant confusion with some forms of the singular number ( he, him, her) after the vowels has become obscured, so that he and hie, him and heom, her ( hire) and heora could no longer be kept easily apart. [Jespersen, "Growth and Structure of the English Language"]
这种类型[从斯堪的纳维亚语到英语的]最重要的引入是代词形式 theythemtheir,它们很快融入了英语代词系统,开始于相同的音( thethatthis),并被认为比它们所取代的旧本土形式更为独特。事实上,这些在元音变得模糊后容易与某些单数形式( hehimher)混淆,因此 hehiehimheomherhire)和 heora 无法再轻易区分。[Jespersen, "Growth and Structure of the English Language"]

they的斯堪的纳维亚语来源是原始日耳曼语 *thai,主格复数代词,来自原始印欧语 *to-,指示代词(参见 that)。

约公元1400年起意为“人们一般”。they作为“匿名权威人士”的口语用法始于1886年。They say意为“据说”出现在米尔顿的作品中。

1520年代起用于单数名词,特别是与 everyany 等词搭配。

[Y]ou desire to be just and honest and to give every Body their due .... [William Notcott, "Jesus Christ Most Precious to Every True Believer," 1735]

中古英語; 自17世紀以來被視爲 them 的口語縮寫,但最初至少部分是第三人稱複數代詞 hem 的與格和賓格形式。

廣告

them 的趨勢

根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。

分享「them

翻譯由AI生成。查看原文,請訪問: Etymology, origin and meaning of them

廣告
熱門詞彙
廣告