transpire 的詞源
transpire(v.)
1590年代,“以蒸汽或液体的形式逸出,从某个身体作为呼气排出”,来自法语 transpirer(16世纪),源自拉丁语 trans “穿越,超越;通过”(参见 trans-)+ spirare “呼吸”(参见 spirit (n.))。
“泄露,变得众所周知,从秘密中逃脱,逐渐为公众所知”的比喻意义记录于1741年,而错误的意义“发生,发生”几乎同样古老,记录于1775年。相关词: Transpired; transpiring; transpirable。
Transpire, for "escape from secrecy to notice," is, in Dr. Johnson's opinion, "lately innovated from France without necessity." Boswell accounts, probably, for the aversion thus announced : Lord Bolingbroke patronized the word, if indeed, he did not introduce it. Yet, in what case, it may be asked, may one more reasonably plead necessity in support of a verbal innovation, than where a new word, well-formed, readily intelligible, and no more than two syllables long, is able to do full duty for half a line? Dr. Johnson, in his Dictionary, as everywhere else, never forgets his petty personal antipathies. To his thinking, Whigs, anti-jacobites, republicans, deists, and dissenters were very poor authorities for English. [Fitzedward Hall, "On English Adjectives in -Able," 1877]
Transpire,意为“从秘密中逃脱以引起注意”,在约翰逊博士看来,“最近从法国创新,没有必要。”博斯威尔可能解释了这种宣布的厌恶:博林布鲁克勋爵赞助了这个词,如果他确实没有引入它。然而,在什么情况下,人们更合理地为语言创新辩称必要性呢?特别是当一个新词,构造良好,易于理解,并且只有两个音节,能够充分替代半行文字时?约翰逊博士在他的 Dictionary 中,如同在其他地方,永远不会忘记他的个人小偏见。在他看来,辉格党,反雅各宾派,共和党人,唯理主义者和异议者都是英语的非常糟糕的权威。[Fitzedward Hall, "On English Adjectives in -Able," 1877]
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transpire 的趨勢
根據books.google.com/ngrams/調整。Ngrams可能不可靠。
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